{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T14:05:34Z","timestamp":1792073134942,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":297,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)","award":["EP\/P012779\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/P012779\/1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With a rising emphasis on public safety and quality of life, there is an urgent need to ensure optimal air quality, both indoors and outdoors. Detecting toxic gaseous compounds plays a pivotal role in shaping our sustainable future. This review aims to elucidate the advancements in smart wearable (nano)sensors for monitoring harmful gaseous pollutants, such as ammonia (NH3), nitric oxide (NO), nitrous oxide (N2O), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), hydrocarbons (CxHy), and hydrogen fluoride (HF). Differentiating this review from its predecessors, we shed light on the challenges faced in enhancing sensor performance and offer a deep dive into the evolution of sensing materials, wearable substrates, electrodes, and types of sensors. Noteworthy materials for robust detection systems encompass 2D nanostructures, carbon nanomaterials, conducting polymers, nanohybrids, and metal oxide semiconductors. A dedicated section dissects the significance of circuit integration, miniaturization, real-time sensing, repeatability, reusability, power efficiency, gas-sensitive material deposition, selectivity, sensitivity, stability, and response\/recovery time, pinpointing gaps in the current knowledge and offering avenues for further research. To conclude, we provide insights and suggestions for the prospective trajectory of smart wearable nanosensors in addressing the extant challenges.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23208648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T10:34:20Z","timestamp":1698057260000},"page":"8648","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":128,"title":["Wearable Nano-Based Gas Sensors for Environmental Monitoring and Encountered Challenges in Optimization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2417-8797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Hooshmand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4597-8558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Kassanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hamlyn Centre, Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6813-4860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meysam","family":"Keshavarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hamlyn Centre, Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1125-8579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pelin","family":"Duru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cemre Irmak","family":"Kayalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5562-6885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0130zzet","family":"Kale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied DSP and VLSI Research Group, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3203-6601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa Kemal","family":"Bayazit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey"},{"name":"Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2020.01.004","article-title":"Oxidative Stress and the Cardiovascular Effects of Air Pollution","volume":"151","author":"Miller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Free Radic. 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