{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T03:17:35Z","timestamp":1782962255072,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"R\u00e9union Region","award":["338715"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["338715"]}]},{"name":"R\u00e9union Region","award":["ANR-22-CE19-0009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-22-CE19-0009"]}]},{"name":"French National Research Agency (ANR)","award":["338715"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["338715"]}]},{"name":"French National Research Agency (ANR)","award":["ANR-22-CE19-0009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-22-CE19-0009"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: This systematic review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the effects of functional electrical stimulation (FES) on gait characteristics in healthy individuals. Methods: Six electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Epistemonikos, PEDro, COCHRANE Library, and Scopus) were searched for studies evaluating the effects of FES on spatiotemporal, kinematic, and kinetic gait parameters in healthy individuals. Two examiners evaluated the eligibility and quality of the included studies using the PEDro scale. Results: A total of 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings from the literature reveal that FES can be used to modify lower-limb joint kinematics, i.e., to increase or reduce the range of motion of the hip, knee, and ankle joints. In addition, FES can be used to alter kinetics parameters, including ground reaction forces, center of pressure trajectory, or knee joint reaction force. As a consequence of these kinetics and kinematics changes, FES can lead to changes in spatiotemporal gait parameters, such as gait speed, step cadence, and stance duration. Conclusions: The findings of this review improve our understanding of the effects of FES on gait biomechanics in healthy individuals and highlight the potential of this technology as a training or assistive solution for improving gait performance in this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23218684","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T11:39:04Z","timestamp":1698147544000},"page":"8684","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Effects of Functional Electrical Stimulation on Gait Characteristics in Healthy Individuals: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Aout","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire IRISSE, EA4075, UFR des Sciences de l\u2019Homme et de l\u2019Environnement, Universit\u00e9 de La R\u00e9union, 97430 Le Tampon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mickael","family":"Begon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Simulation et Mod\u00e9lisation du Mouvement, \u00c9cole de Kin\u00e9siologie et des Sciences de l\u2019Activit\u00e9 Physique, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baptiste","family":"Jegou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire IRISSE, EA4075, UFR des Sciences de l\u2019Homme et de l\u2019Environnement, Universit\u00e9 de La R\u00e9union, 97430 Le Tampon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2149-7939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Peyrot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire IRISSE, EA4075, UFR des Sciences de l\u2019Homme et de l\u2019Environnement, Universit\u00e9 de La R\u00e9union, 97430 Le Tampon, France"},{"name":"Mouvement-Interactions-Performance (MIP), Le Mans Universit\u00e9, EA 4334, 72000 Le Mans, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1033-8262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teddy","family":"Caderby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire IRISSE, EA4075, UFR des Sciences de l\u2019Homme et de l\u2019Environnement, Universit\u00e9 de La R\u00e9union, 97430 Le Tampon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/18\/4\/001","article-title":"Functional Electrical Stimulation","volume":"18","author":"Rushton","year":"1997","journal-title":"Physiol. 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