{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:07:23Z","timestamp":1787029643785,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]],"date-time":"2023-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neurogenic bladder is a dysfunction in the lower urinary tract due to damage to the nervous system. One of the treatments that has shown important results is transcutaneous neuromodulation. The neuromodulation equipment available on the market does not allow remote activation or offer many resources for adjusting the parameters of the generated stimulus, as most devices operate with pre-established parameters in closed packages. For this reason, customizing therapy for each individual can be difficult. Therefore, the objective was to develop and validate a neuromodulation device capable of being remotely programmed and properly monitored. Materials and methods for validating devices were used according to the Brazilian Regulatory Standard (NBR), which deals with general requirements for the basic safety and essential performance of electromedical devices. After verifying the reliability of the device, which was capable of generating a biphasic and symmetrical wave, measured by an oscilloscope, considered safe by the technical requirements, it was tested in a real application. Users reported feeling a comfortable stimulus, similar to other previously used devices, and considered the device easy to use. In this way, it was possible to demonstrate the reliability and validity of the developed device.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23229284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]],"date-time":"2023-11-20T11:31:36Z","timestamp":1700479896000},"page":"9284","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Development and Validation of an IoT Neurostimulator for the Treatment of Neurogenic Bladder"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7527-9953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luana Cecilia Farache Lemos","family":"Leal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Neuroengineering, Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience, Maca\u00edba 59280-000, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6646-5140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiz Henrique Bertucci","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Neuroengineering, Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience, Maca\u00edba 59280-000, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4589-7734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Eduarda Franklin da Costa","family":"De Paula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orby, Co., Orby Systems Development LTDA, Natal 59000-000, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0744-255X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lilian Lira","family":"Lisboa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Neuroengineering, Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience, Maca\u00edba 59280-000, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4172-3913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 Felipe Oliveira de Azevedo","family":"Dantas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Neuroengineering, Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience, Maca\u00edba 59280-000, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Gomes, C.M., and Hisano, M. 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