{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T16:01:45Z","timestamp":1765382505869,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]],"date-time":"2024-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704412800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to investigate if the characteristics of different running shoes could influence intra-abdominal pressure during running. A single-centre, randomized, prospective cross-over clinical trial was performed measuring activity patterns of internal oblique (IO), lumbar erector (LE), and gluteus maximus (GM) muscles in healthy women when running with minimalist shoes (MS). Participants were randomly allocated into two-sequence (MS\/TS or TS\/MS) treadmill running at six, nine, and eleven km\/h. The surface electromyographic activity of IO, LE, and GM muscles were recorded while running. A repeated measures ANOVA explored the interaction effects of three-muscle x three speeds x two shoes. Significance was set at p \u2264 0.05. Fifty-one healthy nulliparous women (mean age: 26.55 \u00b1 5.11 years; body mass index: 21.29 \u00b1 2.07 Kg\/m2) were included. Our findings revealed lower activations of the LE compared to the internal oblique IO and GM, irrespective of running speed and footwear used. Electromyographic activation significantly increased with higher running speeds (p &lt; 0.001) for all muscles, regardless of the type of footwear. Although electromyographic records with MS consistently showed higher values than those with TS, the differences were not statistically significant for all muscles at all speeds. Our results indicate that electromyographic activation patterns vary according to the muscle group, exhibiting higher values with increased running speed. No significant differences were observed between MS and TS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24020310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]],"date-time":"2024-01-05T03:43:00Z","timestamp":1704426180000},"page":"310","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effects of Minimalist vs. Traditional Running Shoes on Abdominal Lumbopelvic Muscle Activity in Women Running at Different Speeds: A Randomized Cross-Over Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4383-3999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Garc\u00eda-Arrab\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo s\/n, 28670 Villaviciosa de Od\u00f3n, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Complutense s\/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"de la Plaza San Frutos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo s\/n, 28670 Villaviciosa de Od\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9949-5178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Bermejo-Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo s\/n, 28670 Villaviciosa de Od\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebeca","family":"del Prado-\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo s\/n, 28670 Villaviciosa de Od\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"L\u00f3pez-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo s\/n, 28670 Villaviciosa de Od\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9952-356X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Angel","family":"del-Blanco-Mu\u00f1iz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo s\/n, 28670 Villaviciosa de Od\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0830-4095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda-Jos\u00e9","family":"Gim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo s\/n, 28670 Villaviciosa de Od\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-019-03968-z","article-title":"The relationship between running kinematics and the pelvic floor muscle function of female runners","volume":"31","author":"Silva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Urogynecol. J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2020.12.017","article-title":"Training and technique choices predict self-reported running injuries: An international study","volume":"48","author":"Warne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys. Ther. Sport"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3182465115","article-title":"Foot strike and injury rates in endurance runners: A retrospective study","volume":"44","author":"Daoud","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546519849920","article-title":"Adaptation of Running Biomechanics to Repeated Barefoot Running: A Randomized Controlled Study","volume":"47","author":"Hollander","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2016.01.004","article-title":"Effects of 12 weeks of barefoot running on foot strike patterns, inversion\u2013eversion and foot rotation in long-distance runners","volume":"8","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Sport Health Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s13047-015-0094-5","article-title":"A consensus definition and rating scale for minimalist shoes","volume":"8","author":"Esculier","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Foot Ankle Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(96)80003-0","article-title":"Dominant role of interface over knee angle for cushioning impact loading and regulating initial leg stiffness","volume":"29","author":"Lafortune","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(80)90340-1","article-title":"Skeletal transients on heel strike in normal walking with different footwear","volume":"13","author":"Light","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1097\/JES.0b013e31824ab210","article-title":"What We Can Learn About Running from Barefoot Running: An evolutionary medical perspective","volume":"40","author":"Lieberman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2016.1225970","article-title":"Initial foot contact and related kinematics affect impact loading rate in running","volume":"35","author":"Breine","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08723","article-title":"Foot strike patterns and collision forces in habitually barefoot versus shod runners","volume":"463","author":"Lieberman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"An, W., Rainbow, M.J., and Cheung, R.T.H. (2015). Effects of Surface Inclination on the Vertical Loading Rates and Landing Pattern during the First Attempt of Barefoot Running in Habitual Shod Runners. BioMed Res. Int., 2015.","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/240153"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-018-3651-1","article-title":"Prevalence of urinary incontinence in female athletes: A systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Teixeira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Urogynecol. J."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"136","article-title":"The Cooper River Bridge Run Study of low back pain in runners and walkers","volume":"11","author":"Woolf","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. South Orthop. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2015.1034756","article-title":"Acute changes in kinematic and muscle activity patterns in habitually shod rearfoot strikers while running barefoot","volume":"34","author":"Strauts","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"17","article-title":"Surface electromyography: Why, when and how to use it","volume":"4","author":"Vieira","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev. Andal. Med. Deport."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200209000-00021","article-title":"Altering muscle activity in the lower extremities by running with different shoes","volume":"34","author":"Wakeling","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2018.03.003","article-title":"Electromyography comparison of the effects of various footwear in the activity patterns of the peroneus longus and brevis muscles","volume":"82","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606287","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.606287","article-title":"Validation of mDurance, A Wearable Surface Electromyography System for Muscle Activity Assessment","volume":"11","author":"Damas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S1050-6411(98)00005-4","article-title":"EMG recordings of abdominal and back muscles in various standing postures: Validation of a biomechanical model on sacroiliac joint stability","volume":"8","author":"Snijders","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.26603\/ijspt20180668","article-title":"Electromyographic Analysis of Gluteus Maximus, Gluteus Medius, and Tensor Fascia Latae During Therapeutic Exercises with and Without Elastic Resistance","volume":"13","author":"Bishop","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"693","article-title":"Assessment of abdominal and pelvic floor muscle function among continent and incontinent athletes","volume":"30","author":"Mochizuki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Urogynecol. J."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00985","article-title":"Interpreting Signal Amplitudes in Surface Electromyography Studies in Sport and Rehabilitation Sciences","volume":"8","author":"Vigotsky","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14652","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.14652","article-title":"Human myoelectric spatial patterns differ among lower limb muscles and locomotion speeds","volume":"8","author":"Schlink","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2012.02.023","article-title":"Changes in muscle activation patterns when running step rate is increased","volume":"36","author":"Chumanov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738114546846","article-title":"The risks and benefits of running barefoot or in minimalist shoes: A systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Perkins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sports Health A Multidiscip. Approach"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2000.83.1.441","article-title":"Motor-unit synchronization increases EMG amplitude and decreases force steadiness of simulated contractions","volume":"83","author":"Yao","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.02255","article-title":"The human gluteus maximus and its role in running","volume":"209","author":"Lieberman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-821327","article-title":"Mechanical comparison of barefoot and shod running","volume":"26","author":"Divert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2009.09.011","article-title":"The effect of running shoes on lower extremity joint torques","volume":"1","author":"Kerrigan","year":"2009","journal-title":"PMR"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jafarnezhadgero, A., Alavi-Mehr, S.M., and Granacher, U. (2019). Effects of anti-pronation shoes on lower limb kinematics and kinetics in female runners with pronated feet: The role of physical fatigue. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216818"},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Brinkman, H., Yanchek, A., and Thorton, E. (2023, February 10). Barefoot Training: Effect on Lateral Pelvic Drop and EMG Activity of Gluteus Medius and TFL. Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects. 643. Available online: https:\/\/commons.und.edu\/pt-grad\/."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koenig, I., Eichelberger, P., Blasimann, A., Hauswirth, A., Baeyens, J.-P., and Radlinger, L. (2018). Wavelet analyses of electromyographic signals derived from lower extremity muscles while walking or running: A systematic review. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206549"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/24\/2\/310\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T13:40:17Z","timestamp":1760103617000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/24\/2\/310"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["s24020310"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s24020310","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]]}}}