{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T03:36:01Z","timestamp":1791516961594,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707350400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) are used in the treatment of advanced left ventricular heart failure. LVAD can serve as a bridge to orthotopic heart transplantation or as a destination therapy in cases where orthotopic heart transplantation is contraindicated. Ventricular arrhythmias are frequently observed in patients with LVAD. This problem is further compounded as a result of diagnostic difficulties arising from presently available electrocardiographic methods. Due to artifacts from LVAD-generated electromagnetic fields, it can be challenging to assess the origin of arrhythmias in standard ECG tracings. In this article, we will review and discuss common mechanisms, diagnostics methods, and therapeutic strategies for ventricular arrhythmia treatment, as well as numerous problems we face in LVAD implant patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24041124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T03:53:46Z","timestamp":1707450826000},"page":"1124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Ventricular Arrhythmias in Left Ventricular Assist Device Patients\u2014Current Diagnostic and Therapeutic Considerations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Za\u0142ucka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, National Institute of Cardiology, 42 Alpejska Street, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7895-7975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"\u015awier\u017cy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Arrhythmia, National Institute of Cardiology, 42 Alpejska Street, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 61 Zwirki I Wigury Street, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Orczykowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Arrhythmia, National Institute of Cardiology, 42 Alpejska Street, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Dutkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, National Institute of Cardiology, 42 Alpejska Street, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1974-5315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"Szyma\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, National Institute of Cardiology, 42 Alpejska Street, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"Kuriata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, National Institute of Cardiology, 42 Alpejska Street, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafa\u0142","family":"D\u0105browski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Coronary Artery Disease and Cardiac Rehabilitation, National Institute of Cardiology, 42 Alpejska Street, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Ko\u0142sut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, National Institute of Cardiology, 42 Alpejska Street, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Szumowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Arrhythmia, National Institute of Cardiology, 42 Alpejska Street, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Sterli\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Arrhythmia, National Institute of Cardiology, 42 Alpejska Street, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3599","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab368","article-title":"ESC Scientific Document Group. 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure","volume":"42","author":"McDonagh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. 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