{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:38:28Z","timestamp":1786322308494,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,2]],"date-time":"2024-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR202111180079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR202111180079"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, an electric oil and gas actuator based on fractional-order PID position feedback control is proposed, through which the damping coefficient of the suspension system is adjusted to realize the active control of the suspension. An FOPID algorithm is used to control the motor\u2019s rotational angle to realize the damping adjustment of the suspension system. In this process, the road roughness is collected by the sensors as the criterion of damping adjustment, and the particle swarm algorithm is utilized to find the optimal objective function under different road surface slopes, to obtain the optimal cornering value. According to the mathematical and physical model of the suspension system, the simulation model and the corresponding test platform of this type of suspension system are built. The simulation and experimental results show that the simulation results of the fractional-order nonlinear suspension model are closer to the actual experimental values than those of the traditional linear suspension model, and the accuracy of each performance index is improved by more than 18.5%. The designed active suspension system optimizes the body acceleration, suspension dynamic deflection, and tire dynamic load to 89.8%, 56.7%, and 73.4% of the passive suspension, respectively. It is worth noting that, compared to traditional PID control circuits, the FOPID control circuit designed for motors has an improved control performance. This study provides an effective theoretical and empirical basis for the control and optimization of fractional-order nonlinear suspension systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24051644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T04:36:21Z","timestamp":1709526981000},"page":"1644","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Research on Electric Oil\u2013Pneumatic Active Suspension Based on Fractional-Order PID Position Control"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Yaozeng","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4621-9043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianze","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2022.06.008","article-title":"Revised adaptive active disturbance rejection sliding mode control strategy for vertical stability of active hydro-pneumatic suspension","volume":"132","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"ISA Trans."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4320","DOI":"10.3390\/app10124320","article-title":"Sliding mode control of laterally interconnected air suspensions","volume":"10","author":"Dou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. 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