{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T13:26:58Z","timestamp":1788355618948,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709769600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)","award":["13N14533"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13N14533"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Understanding pedestrian dynamics at bottlenecks and how pedestrians interact with their environment\u2014particularly how they use and move in the space available to them\u2014is of safety importance, since bottlenecks are a key point for pedestrian flow. We performed a series of experiments in which participants walked through a bottleneck individually for varying combinations of approaching angle, bottleneck width and walking speed, to investigate the dependence of the movement on safety-relevant influencing factors. Trajectories as well as 3D motion data were recorded for every participant. This paper shows that (1) the maximum amplitude of shoulder rotation is mainly determined by the ratio of the bottleneck width to the shoulder width of the participant, while the direction is determined by the starting angle and the foot position; (2) the \u2018critical point\u2019 is not invariant to the starting angle and walking speed; (3) differences between the maximum and minimum speed values arise mainly from the distribution of deceleration patterns; and (4) the position of crossing shifts by 1.75 cm\/10 cm, increasing the bottleneck width in the direction of origin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24061720","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T04:19:02Z","timestamp":1709785142000},"page":"1720","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["How Approaching Angle, Bottleneck Width and Walking Speed Affect the Use of a Bottleneck by Individuals"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3738-2869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann Katrin","family":"Boomers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Simulation 7, Civil Safety Research, Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich, 52428 J\u00fclich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7240-896X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maik","family":"Boltes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Simulation 7, Civil Safety Research, Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich, 52428 J\u00fclich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9373-2080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uwe G.","family":"Kersting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromechanics and Musculoskeletal Biomechanics, Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.17815\/CD.2022.139","article-title":"Microscopic insights into pedestrian motion through a bottleneck, resolving spatial and temporal variations","volume":"7","author":"Liddle","year":"2022","journal-title":"Collect. 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