{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T03:40:20Z","timestamp":1778643620416,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]],"date-time":"2024-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fatigued driving threatens the safety of people\u2019s lives and property. Scent countermeasures offer minimal disruption and high efficacy, making them a promising approach. The aim of this study was to explore the application of scent countermeasures in alleviating fatigued driving. This study explored changes in EEG frequency bands (alpha, beta, theta, and gamma) and the activity of EEG metrics (R(\u03b1\/\u03b2), R\u03b8\/(\u03b1+\u03b2) and R(\u03b1+\u03b8)\/(\u03b1+\u03b2)) in the temporal lobe during driving tasks, selected fatigued driving identifiers, and aided validation by investigating subjective fatigue with the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS). The EEG indicators all increased, with a significant increase in R(\u03b1\/\u03b2). R(\u03b1\/\u03b2) was combined with the KSS to explore the effects of three scents, peppermint, grapefruit, and lavender, on driving fatigue. The subjective questionnaire results indicated that all three scents significantly improved driving fatigue, with significantly lower levels of driving fatigue compared to the control group. The analysis of EEG signals revealed a significant decrease in R(\u03b1\/\u03b2) after the implementation of scent countermeasures. Moreover, R(\u03b1\/\u03b2) was found to be lower in all three odor intervention groups compared to the control group. All three scents were found to significantly alleviate driving fatigue. The grapefruit scent had a better timely effect in relieving driving fatigue and the lavender scent had a longer effectiveness. This study provides further exploration for the application of odor interventions to alleviate driving fatigue. This study provides a practical reference for drivers to use odors to avoid fatigue in order to improve road safety.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24082384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]],"date-time":"2024-04-09T02:52:17Z","timestamp":1712631137000},"page":"2384","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Scented Solutions: Examining the Efficacy of Scent Interventions in Mitigating Driving Fatigue"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Xinyue","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Technology and Built Environment, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Yangzhou Technical Vocational College, Yangzhou 225000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kanesan","family":"Muthusamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Technology and Built Environment, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2097-5740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xueliang","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Technology and Built Environment, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia"},{"name":"College of Traffic Engineering, Yangzhou Polytechnic Institute, Yangzhou 225127, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, B., Cai, W., Deng, L., Zhu, M., Chen, B., Lei, Q., Chen, H., and Wu, Y. 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