{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T22:26:56Z","timestamp":1781821616466,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]],"date-time":"2024-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NSERC CREATE Wearable Technology Research and Collaboration Training (We-TRAC) program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In racehorses, the risk of musculoskeletal injury is linked to a decrease in speed and stride length (SL) over consecutive races prior to injury. Surface characteristics influence stride parameters. We hypothesized that large changes in stride parameters are found during galloping in response to dirt racetrack preparation. Harrowing of the back stretch of a half-mile dirt racetrack was altered in three individual lanes with decreasing depth from the inside to the outside. Track underlay compaction and water content were changed between days. Twelve horses (six on day 2) were sequentially galloped at a target speed of 16 ms\u22121 across the three lanes. Speed, stride frequency (SF), and SL were quantified with a GPS\/GNSS logger. Mixed linear models with speed as covariate analyzed SF and SL, with track hardness and moisture content as fixed factors (p &lt; 0.05). At the average speed of 16.48 ms\u22121, hardness (both p &lt; 0.001) and moisture content (both p &lt; 0.001) had significant effects on SF and SL. The largest difference in SL of 0.186 m between hardness and moisture conditions exceeded the 0.10 m longitudinal decrease over consecutive race starts previously identified as injury predictor. This suggests that detailed measurements of track conditions might be useful for refining injury prediction models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24082441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]],"date-time":"2024-04-11T07:09:28Z","timestamp":1712819368000},"page":"2441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Dirt Track Surface Preparation and Associated Differences in Speed, Stride Length, and Stride Frequency in Galloping Horses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0702-4289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thilo","family":"Pfau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2651-626X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivia L.","family":"Bruce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"},{"name":"McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Sawatsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0381-3640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renaud","family":"Leguillette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. Brent","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"},{"name":"McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"evj.13581","article-title":"Changes in Thoroughbred Speed and Stride Characteristics over Successive Race Starts and Their Association with Musculoskeletal Injury","volume":"55","author":"Wong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Equine Vet. 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