{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T18:55:58Z","timestamp":1785783358219,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sprinting is a decisive action in soccer that is considerably taxing from a neuromuscular and energetic perspective. This study compared different calculation methods for the metabolic power (MP) and energy cost (EC) of sprinting using global positioning system (GPS) metrics and electromyography (EMG), with the aim of identifying potential differences in performance markers. Sixteen elite U17 male soccer players (age: 16.4 \u00b1 0.5 years; body mass: 64.6 \u00b1 4.4 kg; and height: 177.4 \u00b1 4.3 cm) participated in the study and completed four different submaximal constant running efforts followed by sprinting actions while using portable GPS-IMU units and surface EMG. GPS-derived MP was determined based on GPS velocity, and the EMG-MP and EC were calculated based on individual profiles plotting the MP of the GPS and all EMG signals acquired. The goodness of fit of the linear regressions was assessed by the coefficient of determination (R2), and a repeated measures ANOVA was used to detect changes. A linear trend was found in EMG activity during submaximal speed runs (R2 = 1), but when the sprint effort was considered, the trend became exponential (R2 = 0.89). The EMG\/force ratio displayed two different trends: linear up to a 30 m sprint (R2 = 0.99) and polynomial up to a 50 m sprint (R2 = 0.96). Statistically significant differences between the GPS and EMG were observed for MP splits at 0\u20135 m, 5\u201310 m, 25\u201330 m, 30\u201335 m, and 35\u201340 m and for EC splits at 5\u201310 m, 25\u201330 m, 30\u201335 m, and 35\u201340 m (p \u2264 0.05). Therefore, the determination of the MP and EC based on GPS technology underestimated the neuromuscular and metabolic engagement during the sprinting efforts. Thus, the EMG-derived method seems to be more accurate for calculating the MP and EC in this type of action.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24082577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]],"date-time":"2024-04-18T06:21:12Z","timestamp":1713421272000},"page":"2577","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparison of Metabolic Power and Energy Cost of Submaximal and Sprint Running Efforts Using Different Methods in Elite Youth Soccer Players: A Novel Energetic Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8140-8638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Grassadonia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"UPSS\u2014International Department of Motor Arts, Popular University of Sport Sciences, 00122 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"UPM\u2014Department of Medical Sciences, Popular University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"MIU\u2014Department of Sport Sciences, Miami International University, Miami, FL 33131, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9792-6656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro E.","family":"Alcaraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Sport, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Society, 30008 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8571-3189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom\u00e1s T.","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Sport, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Strength and Conditioning Society, 30008 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"NAR\u2014Nucleus of High Performance in Sport, S\u00e3o Paulo 04753-060, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.195.1.211","article-title":"Mechanical determinants of the minimum energy cost of gradient running in humans","volume":"195","author":"Minetti","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. 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