{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T16:44:24Z","timestamp":1788972264040,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Short sprints are predominantly assessed using timing gates and analyzed through parameters of the mono-exponential equation, including estimated maximal sprinting speed (MSS) and relative acceleration (TAU), derived maximum acceleration (MAC), and relative propulsive maximal power (PMAX), further referred to as the No Correction model. However, the frequently recommended flying start technique introduces a bias during parameter estimation. To correct this, two additional models (Estimated TC and Estimated FD) were proposed. To estimate model precision and sensitivity to detect the change, 31 basketball players executed multiple 30 m sprints. Athlete performance was simultaneously measured by a laser gun and timing gates positioned at 5, 10, 20, and 30 m. Short sprint parameters were estimated using a laser gun, representing the criterion measure, and five different timing gate models, representing the practical measures. Only the MSS parameter demonstrated a high agreement between the laser gun and timing gate models, using the percent mean absolute difference (%MAD) estimator (%MAD &lt; 10%). The MSS parameter also showed the highest sensitivity, using the minimum detectable change estimator (%MDC95), with an estimated %MDC95 &lt; 17%. Interestingly, sensitivity was the highest for the No Correction model (%MDC95 &lt; 7%). All other parameters and models demonstrated an unsatisfying level of sensitivity. Thus, sports practitioners should be cautious when using timing gates to estimate maximum acceleration indices and changes in their respective levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24092894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T08:59:39Z","timestamp":1714553979000},"page":"2894","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effects of the Flying Start on Estimated Short Sprint Profiles Using Timing Gates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Mladen","family":"Jovanovi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9912-3251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitrije","family":"Cabarkapa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jayhawk Athletic Performance Laboratory\u2014Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e5kan","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Performance Center, 35246 V\u00e4xj\u00f6, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dora","family":"Nagy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of P\u00e9cs, 7621 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University of P\u00e9cs, 7621 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5339-7695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nenad","family":"Trunic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Culture and Sports Management, Singidunum University, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5133-4383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir","family":"Bankovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Culture and Sports Management, Singidunum University, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5076-2001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandar","family":"Zivkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Culture and Sports Management, Singidunum University, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Repasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Basketball Methodology and Education, 7621 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandor","family":"Safar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Physical Education\u2014Institute of Sport, Training Theory and Methodology Research Center, 1123 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laszlo","family":"Ratgeber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University of P\u00e9cs, 7621 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"Center for Basketball Methodology and Education, 7621 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"University of Physical Education\u2014Institute of Sport, Department of Sport Games, 1123 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000316","article-title":"Speed, force, and power values produced from nonmotorized treadmill test are related to sprinting performance","volume":"28","author":"Mangine","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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