{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T13:28:21Z","timestamp":1769002101866,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT) and Chulalongkorn University","award":["N42A660501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N42A660501"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Malaria is a disease that affects millions of people worldwide, particularly in developing countries. The development of accurate and efficient methods for the detection of malaria-infected cells is crucial for effective disease management and control. This paper presents the electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of normal and malaria-infected red blood cells. An EIS microfluidic device, comprising a microchannel and a pair of coplanar electrodes, was fabricated for single-cell measurements in a continuous manner. Based on the EIS results, the aim of this work is to discriminate Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells from the normal ones. Different from typical impedance spectroscopy, our measurement was performed for the cells in a low-conductivity medium in a frequency range between 50 kHz and 800 kHz. Numerical simulation was utilized to study the suitability parameters of the microchannel and electrodes for the EIS experiment over the measurement frequencies. The measurement results have shown that by using the low-conductivity medium, we could focus on the change in the conductance caused by the presence of a cell in the sensing electrode gap. The results indicated a distinct frequency spectrum of the conductance between the normal and infected red blood cells, which can be further used for the detection of the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24103186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T06:53:49Z","timestamp":1715928829000},"page":"3186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["On-Chip Impedance Spectroscopy of Malaria-Infected Red Blood Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1053-1847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nitipong","family":"Panklang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7385-1103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boonchai","family":"Techaumnat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"},{"name":"Micro\/Nano-Electro-Mechanical Integrated System Research Unit, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nutthaphong","family":"Tanthanuch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Thammasat School of Engineering, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kesinee","family":"Chotivanich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell and Tissue Culture Resources Unit, Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mati","family":"Horprathum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spectroscopic and Sensing Devices Research Group, NECTEC, NSTDA, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3463-5322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michihiko","family":"Nakano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2702.191660","article-title":"Plasmodium cynomolgi Co-infections among Symptomatic Malaria Patients, Thailand","volume":"27","author":"Putaporntip","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg. 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