{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T03:29:06Z","timestamp":1791430146094,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]],"date-time":"2024-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Regional Department of Economy and Infrastructure of the Government of Extremadura (Spain) through the Regional Development Funds of the European Union","award":["GR21149"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GR21149"]}]},{"name":"Regional Department of Economy and Infrastructure of the Government of Extremadura (Spain) through the Regional Development Funds of the European Union","award":["PID2019\u2013106614GBI00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019\u2013106614GBI00"]}]},{"name":"Regional Department of Economy and Infrastructure of the Government of Extremadura (Spain) through the Regional Development Funds of the European Union","award":["MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"]}]},{"name":"Spanish National Agency of Investigation","award":["GR21149"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GR21149"]}]},{"name":"Spanish National Agency of Investigation","award":["PID2019\u2013106614GBI00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019\u2013106614GBI00"]}]},{"name":"Spanish National Agency of Investigation","award":["MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Basketball involves frequent high-intensity movements requiring optimal aerobic power. Altitude training can enhance physiological adaptations, but research examining its effects in basketball is limited. This study aimed to characterize the internal\/external workload of professional basketball players during preseason and evaluate the effects of altitude and playing position. Twelve top-tier professional male basketball players (Liga Endesa, ACB; guards: n = 3, forwards: n = 5, and centers: n = 4) participated in a crossover study design composed of two training camps with nine sessions over 6 days under two different conditions: high altitude (2320 m) and sea level (10 m). Internal loads (heart rate, %HRMAX) and external loads (total distances covered across speed thresholds, accelerations\/decelerations, impacts, and jumps) were quantified via wearable tracking and heart rate telemetry. Repeated-measures MANOVA tested the altitude x playing position effects. Altitude increased the total distance (+10%), lower-speed running distances (+10\u201339%), accelerations\/decelerations (+25\u201330%), average heart rate (+6%), time in higher-intensity HR zones (+23\u201363%), and jumps (+13%) across all positions (p &lt; 0.05). Positional differences existed, with guards accruing more high-speed running and centers exhibiting greater cardiovascular demands (p &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, a 6-day altitude block effectively overloads training, providing a stimulus to enhance fitness capacities when structured appropriately. Monitoring workloads and individualizing training by playing position are important when implementing altitude training, given the varied responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24103245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]],"date-time":"2024-05-20T08:20:31Z","timestamp":1716193231000},"page":"3245","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Examining the Effects of Altitude on Workload Demands in Professional Basketball Players during the Preseason Phase"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6009-4086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio J.","family":"Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group in Optimization of Training and Sports Performance (GOERD), Department of Didactics of Music Plastic and Body Expression, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Extremadura, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4084-8124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos D.","family":"G\u00f3mez-Carmona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group in Optimization of Training and Sports Performance (GOERD), Department of Didactics of Music Plastic and Body Expression, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Extremadura, Spain"},{"name":"BioVetMed & SportSci Research Group, International Excellence Campus \u201cMare Nostrum\u201d, Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Espinosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group in Optimization of Training and Sports Performance (GOERD), Department of Didactics of Music Plastic and Body Expression, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Extremadura, Spain"},{"name":"N\u00ccKE: Research Group in Education, Health and Sports Performance, Didactics of Physical Education and Health, International University of La Rioja, 26006 Logro\u00f1o, La Rioja, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8080-7565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Mancha-Triguero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group in Optimization of Training and Sports Performance (GOERD), Department of Didactics of Music Plastic and Body Expression, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Extremadura, Spain"},{"name":"Physical Education and Sports Department, Cardenal Sp\u00ednola CEU, Andaluc\u00eda University, 41930 Bormujos, Sevilla, Spain"},{"name":"Physical Education and Sports Department, Fundaci\u00f3n San Pablo CEU, Andaluc\u00eda University, 41930 Bormujos, Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petway, A.J., Freitas, T.T., Calleja-Gonz\u00e1lez, J., Leal, D.M., and Alcaraz, P.E. 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