{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T17:29:58Z","timestamp":1772645398696,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the contemporary context of power network protection, acknowledging uncertainties in safeguarding recent power networks integrated with distributed generation (DG) is imperative to uphold the dependability, security, and efficiency of the grid amid the escalating integration of renewable energy sources and evolving operational conditions. This study delves into the optimization of relay settings within distribution networks, presenting a novel approach aimed at augmenting coordination while accounting for the dynamic presence of DG resources and the uncertainties inherent in their generation outputs and load consumption\u2014factors previously overlooked in existing research. Departing from conventional methodologies, the study proposes a dual-setting characteristic for directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs). Initially, a meticulous modeling of a power network featuring distributed generation is undertaken, integrating Weibull probability functions for each resource to capture their probabilistic behavior. Subsequently, the second stage employs the fuzzy Monte Carlo method to address generation and consumption uncertainties. The optimization conundrum is addressed using the ant lion optimizer (ALO) algorithm in the MATLAB environment. This thorough analysis was conducted on IEEE 14-bus and IEEE 30-bus power distribution systems, showcasing a notable reduction in the total DOCR operating time compared to conventional characteristics. The proposed characteristic not only achieves resilient coordination across a spectrum of uncertainties in both distributed generation outputs and load consumption, but also strengthens the resilience of distribution networks overall.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24134109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T09:29:33Z","timestamp":1719394173000},"page":"4109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Enhancing Coordination Efficiency with Fuzzy Monte Carlo Uncertainty Analysis for Dual-Setting Directional Overcurrent Relays Amid Distributed Generation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2736-4119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faraj","family":"Al-Bhadely","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34220, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8771-2013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aslan","family":"\u0130nan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34220, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2020.106197","article-title":"An improved simulated annealing\u2013linear programming hybrid algorithm applied to the optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays","volume":"181","author":"Kida","year":"2020","journal-title":"Electr. 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