{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T15:56:23Z","timestamp":1782748583387,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]],"date-time":"2024-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"NSF program 19-582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2045087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2045087"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"NSF program 19-582","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SCU"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCU"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"School of Engineering, Kuehler","award":["2045087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2045087"]}]},{"name":"School of Engineering, Kuehler","award":["SCU"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCU"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The capability to record data in passive, image-based wearable sensors can simplify data readouts and eliminate the requirement for the integration of electronic components on the skin. Here, we developed a skin-strain-actuated microfluidic pump (SAMP) that utilizes asymmetric aspect ratio channels for the recording of human activity in the fluidic domain. An analytical model describing the SAMP\u2019s operation mechanism as a wearable microfluidic device was established. Fabrication of the SAMP was achieved using soft lithography from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Benchtop experimental results and theoretical predictions were shown to be in good agreement. The SAMP was mounted on human skin and experiments conducted on volunteer subjects demonstrated the SAMP\u2019s capability to record human activity for hundreds of cycles in the fluidic domain through the observation of a stable liquid meniscus. Proof-of-concept experiments further revealed that the SAMP could quantify a single wrist activity repetition or distinguish between three different shoulder activities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24134207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]],"date-time":"2024-06-28T08:31:36Z","timestamp":1719563496000},"page":"4207","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Human Activity Recording Based on Skin-Strain-Actuated Microfluidic Pumping in Asymmetrically Designed Micro-Channels"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Caroline Barbar","family":"Askar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2117-4678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nick","family":"Cmager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rana","family":"Altay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I. Emre","family":"Araci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42826","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b14365","article-title":"Breathable and Skin-Mountable Strain Sensor with Tunable Stretchability, Sensitivity, and Linearity via Surface Strain Delocalization for Versatile Skin Activities\u2019 Recognition","volume":"10","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nishikawa, T., Yamane, H., Matsuhisa, N., and Miki, N. (2023). Stretchable Strain Sensor with Small but Sufficient Adhesion to Skin. 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