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This study aimed to explore the impacts of wearable resistance placement on running efficiency by comparing five running conditions: no load, and an additional 10% load of individual body mass on the trunk, forearms, lower legs, and a combination of these areas. Running efficiency was assessed through biomechanical (spatiotemporal, kinematic, and kinetic) variables using acceleration-based wearable sensors placed on the shoes of 15 recreational male runners (20.3 \u00b1 1.23 years) during treadmill running in a randomized order. The main findings indicate distinct effects of different load distributions on specific spatiotemporal variables (contact time, flight time, and flight ratio, p \u2264 0.001) and kinematic variables (footstrike type, p &lt; 0.001). Specifically, adding loads to the lower legs produces effects similar to running with no load: shorter contact time, longer flight time, and a higher flight ratio compared to other load conditions. Moreover, lower leg loads result in a forefoot strike, unlike the midfoot strike seen in other conditions. These findings suggest that lower leg loads enhance running efficiency more than loads on other parts of the body.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24134399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T09:01:19Z","timestamp":1720429279000},"page":"4399","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Impacts of Wearable Resistance Placement on Running Efficiency Assessed by Wearable Sensors: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0389-6645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arunee","family":"Promsri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siriyakorn","family":"Deedphimai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petradda","family":"Promthep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chonthicha","family":"Champamuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1519\/SSC.0000000000000444","article-title":"Effects of Different Wearable Resistance Placements on Sprint-Running Performance: A Review and Practical Applications","volume":"41","author":"Macadam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Strength Cond. 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