{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:18:52Z","timestamp":1760145532723,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 Research, Innovation, and Staff Exchange Programme under the Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Action","award":["No871163","5169\/H2020\/2020\/2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No871163","5169\/H2020\/2020\/2"]}]},{"name":"Minister of Science and Higher Education","award":["No871163","5169\/H2020\/2020\/2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No871163","5169\/H2020\/2020\/2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper is devoted to the application of object localization and identification with information combined from a radar system and a dedicated portable\/mobile electronic device equipped with a global positioning system (GPS) receiver. This device is able to provide object\u2019s (staff member, and staff vehicle) rough location and identification. Such systems are required in very restrictive security areas like airports (e.g., open-air area and apron). Currently, the outdoor area of the airport is typically protected by a surveillance system operated by security guards. Surveillance systems are composed of different sensors, video and infrared cameras, and microwave radars. The sheer number of events generated via the system can lead to fatigue among staff, potentially resulting in the omission of critical events. To address this issue, we propose an electronic system equipped with a wireless module and a GPS module. This approach enables automatic identification of objects through the fusion of data from two independent systems (GPS and radar). The radar system is capable of precisely localizing and tracking objects, while the described system is able to identify registered objects. This paper contains a description of the subsystems of a portable\/mobile electronic device. The fusion of information from the proposed system (rough location and identification) with the precise location obtained from short-range radar is intended to reduce the number of false alerts in the surveillance system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24165208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T11:23:46Z","timestamp":1723461826000},"page":"5208","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Application of GPS-Based Friend\/Foe Localization and Identification to Enhance Security in Restricted Areas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9812-8851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukas","family":"Chruszczyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16 Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1391-8809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damian E.","family":"Grzechca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16 Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0139-3753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Tokarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16 Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2008.4637573","article-title":"Vision-based location positioning using augmented reality for indoor navigation","volume":"54","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Consum. 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