{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T16:35:37Z","timestamp":1785342937580,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan","award":["NSTC 112-2221-E-027-039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 112-2221-E-027-039"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan","award":["112-2221-E-027-032-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["112-2221-E-027-032-"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan","award":["113-2221-E-027-018-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["113-2221-E-027-018-"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The most frequently used sulfonamide is sulfamethazine (SMZ) because it is often found in foods made from livestock, which is hazardous for individuals. Here, we have developed an easy, quick, selective, and sensitive analytical technique to efficiently detect SMZ. Recently, transition metal oxides have attracted many researchers for their excellent performance as a promising sensor for SMZ analysis because of their superior redox activity, electrocatalytic activity, electroactive sites, and electron transfer properties. Further, Cu-based oxides have a resilient electrical conductivity; however, to boost it to an extreme extent, a composite including two-dimensional (2D) graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets needs to be constructed and ready as a composite (denoted as g-C3N4\/Cu2Y2O5). Moreover, several techniques, including X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy were employed to analyze the composites. The electrochemical measurements have revealed that the constructed g-C3N4\/Cu2Y2O5 composites exhibit great electrochemical activity. Nevertheless, the sensor achieved outstanding repeatability and reproducibility alongside a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.23 \u00b5M, a long linear range of 2 to 276 \u00b5M, and an electrode sensitivity of 8.86 \u00b5A \u00b5M\u22121 cm\u22122. Finally, the proposed GCE\/g-C3N4\/Cu2Y2O5 electrode proved highly effective for detection of SMZ in food samples, with acceptable recoveries. The GCE\/g-C3N4\/Cu2Y2O5 electrode has been successfully applied to SMZ detection in food and water samples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24175844","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T05:06:06Z","timestamp":1725858366000},"page":"5844","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Construction of Cu2Y2O5\/g-C3N4 Novel Composite for the Sensitive and Selective Trace-Level Electrochemical Detection of Sulfamethazine in Food and Water Samples"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Rajendran","family":"Surya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5772-1448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Subramanian","family":"Sakthinathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ganesh Abinaya","family":"Meenakshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chung-Lun","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2625-2906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Te-Wei","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2011.08.082","article-title":"Effects of the presence of sulfonamides in the environment and their influence on human health","volume":"196","author":"Baran","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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