{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T11:32:32Z","timestamp":1791459152269,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,19]],"date-time":"2024-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencia, Universidad y Sociedad del Conocimiento, Gobierno de Arag\u00f3n (Spain) (ValorA Research Group)","award":["S08_23R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S08_23R"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In athletic training and research, the evaluation of sprint speed is widely used, and its accurate measurement is especially demanding. High-cost photocells are the gold-standard system for sprint time assessment, although low-cost smartphone applications can be a suitable option. This study assesses the validity and reliability of an application to measure sprint time compared to photocells. Five physically active subjects completed six sprints of 10 m and 20 m at maximal speed and a 5 m go and return sprint to evaluate the validity of the Photo Finish\u00ae app (Version 2.30). To assess reliability, six trials of 5 m go and return sprints were measured by two smartphones. The validity results showed a mean bias of 0.012 s (95% CL: 0.000, 0.024) between the application and the photocells for the 10 m sprint, 0.007 s (95% CL: \u22120.007, 0.022) for the 20 m sprint and 0.005 s (95% CL: \u22120.005, 0.017) for the 5 m go and return test. The results also found R2 between both systems (R2= 0.9863, 0.990 and 0.958) for each distance (10 m, 20 m and 5 m go and return, respectively). As for reliability, the application showed outstanding consistency between two smartphones operating simultaneously (ICC 0.999; R2: 0.999). This study shows that the Photo Finish\u00ae app is an accurate and reliable tool to measure sprint time with an error of 0.09 s.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24206719","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T10:49:22Z","timestamp":1729507762000},"page":"6719","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Analysis of the Validity and Reliability of the Photo Finish\u00ae Smartphone App to Measure Sprint Time"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3643-0972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Alberto","family":"Marco-Contreras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Autov. A-23 km 299, 50830 Villanueva de G\u00e1llego, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6368-875X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Vanessa","family":"Bataller-Cervero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Autov. A-23 km 299, 50830 Villanueva de G\u00e1llego, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0411-2945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9ctor","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Autov. A-23 km 299, 50830 Villanueva de G\u00e1llego, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1665-4063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Sabat\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Autov. A-23 km 299, 50830 Villanueva de G\u00e1llego, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7783-6672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9sar","family":"Berzosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Autov. A-23 km 299, 50830 Villanueva de G\u00e1llego, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3921","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-012-2379-8","article-title":"Mechanical Determinants of 100-m Sprint Running Performance","volume":"112","author":"Morin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-021-01481-2","article-title":"Crossing the Golden Training Divide: The Science and Practice of Training World-Class 800- and 1500-m Runners","volume":"51","author":"Haugen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i17","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092950","article-title":"Determinants of Team-Sport Performance: Implications for Altitude Training by Team-Sport Athletes","volume":"47","author":"Bishop","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2012.665940","article-title":"Straight Sprinting Is the Most Frequent Action in Goal Situations in Professional Football","volume":"30","author":"Faude","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200535030-00003","article-title":"Challenges in Understanding the Influence of Maximal Power Training on Improving Athletic Performance","volume":"35","author":"Cronin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haugen, T.A., Breitsch\u00e4del, F., and Seiler, S. (2019). Sprint Mechanical Variables in Elite Athletes: Are Force-Velocity Profiles Sport Specific or Individual?. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0215551"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2014-0350","article-title":"9.58 and 10.49: Nearing the Citius End for 100 m?","volume":"10","author":"Haugen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2012.742572","article-title":"Influence of a 2-Year Strength Training Programme on Power Performance in Elite Youth Soccer Players","volume":"13","author":"Sander","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Sport Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181c08860","article-title":"Comparison between Hand and Electronic Timing of 40-Yd Dash Performance in College Football Players","volume":"24","author":"Mayhew","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327841mpee0904_2","article-title":"A Comparison of Laser and Video Techniques for Determining Displacement and Velocity During Running","volume":"9","author":"Harrison","year":"2005","journal-title":"Meas. Phys. Educ. Exerc. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2016.1249031","article-title":"Sprint Performance and Mechanical Outputs Computed with an iPhone App: Comparison with Existing Reference Methods","volume":"17","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Sport Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.52082\/jssm.2021.126","article-title":"The Accuracy of a Low-Cost GPS System during Football-Specific Movements","volume":"20","author":"Schulze","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Sport Sci. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e318226030b","article-title":"The Difference Is in the Start: Impact of Timing and Start Procedure on Sprint Running Performance","volume":"26","author":"Haugen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"World Athletics (2024, October 14). Book of Rules. Available online: https:\/\/worldathletics.org\/about-iaaf\/documents\/book-of-rules."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31815fa3d3","article-title":"Timing Light Height Affects Sprint Times","volume":"22","author":"Cronin","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-015-0446-0","article-title":"Sprint Running Performance Monitoring: Methodological and Practical Considerations","volume":"46","author":"Haugen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"030006","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0126231","article-title":"Inter-device reliability of photo finish: Android based smartphone application for the measurement of running speed","volume":"2603","author":"Krishnan","year":"2023","journal-title":"AIP Conf. Proc."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.2478\/hukin-2018-0084","article-title":"Validity and Reliability of a 10 Hz GPS for Assessing Variable and Mean Running Speed","volume":"67","author":"Gutierrez","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hum. Kinet."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Z., Bian, C., Liao, K., Bishop, C., and Li, Y. (2021). Validity and Reliability of a Phone App and Stopwatch for the Measurement of 505 Change of Direction Performance: A Test-Retest Study Design. Front. Physiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.743800"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/24\/20\/6719\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:16:32Z","timestamp":1760112992000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/24\/20\/6719"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,19]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["s24206719"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s24206719","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,19]]}}}