{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T23:17:30Z","timestamp":1781651850908,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,26]],"date-time":"2024-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Epworth Medical Foundation","award":["Epworth Research Grants 2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Epworth Research Grants 2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Impaired balance is a key symptom following acute concussion. Unfortunately, the recommended clinical balance assessment lacks sensitivity and discriminative ability, relying on the experience of the clinician for interpretation. The aim of this pilot study is to explore smartphone technology to remotely assess balance impairment in people with acute concussion. A smartphone app was developed to allow the clinician to connect remotely using their personal web browser to the participant\u2019s smartphone and collect motion data while instructing the participant to perform the following balance tests: standing on firm and foam surface with eyes opened and closed (FIRMEO, FIRMEC, FOAMEO, and FOAMEC). Outcome measures were processed from the raw acceleration to calculate the average acceleration magnitude from the mean and the root-mean square, with greater values indicating more sway. Eleven healthy controls (HCs) and 11 people with concussion (CON) participated. In all sway measurements, the CON group had significantly (p &lt; 0.05) greater values when standing on a firm surface. In the FOAMEC condition, the CON group had significantly (p &lt; 0.05) greater sway measures only in the AP direction, while significantly greater sway in all directions were found in the CON group in the FOAMEO condition. This study shows that remote balance assessment using a smartphone can discriminate between healthy controls and people with acute concussion. This technology could play an important role in concussion management to assist with determining recovery from concussions and the optimal timing for return to sport.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24216870","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T08:39:07Z","timestamp":1730104747000},"page":"6870","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Smartphone Technology to Facilitate Remote Postural Balance Assessment in Acute Concussion Management: Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2281-6399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oren","family":"Tirosh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, 225-245 Plenty Rd, Bundoora, VIC 3082, Australia"},{"name":"Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 200235, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaymee","family":"Klonis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epworth Concussion Clinic, Epworth Hospital, Richmond, VIC 3121, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epworth Concussion Clinic, Epworth Hospital, Richmond, VIC 3121, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7069-1191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Olver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epworth Concussion Clinic, Epworth Hospital, Richmond, VIC 3121, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1314-8843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nilmini","family":"Wickramasinghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dean","family":"Mckenzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epworth Concussion Clinic, Epworth Hospital, Richmond, VIC 3121, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3069-3509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doa","family":"El-Ansary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, 225-245 Plenty Rd, Bundoora, VIC 3082, Australia"},{"name":"Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 200235, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2758-7473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gavin","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epworth Concussion Clinic, Epworth Hospital, Richmond, VIC 3121, Australia"},{"name":"Epworth Monash Rehabilitation Medicine Unit, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.5694\/mja12.11217","article-title":"Increasing incidence of hospitalisation for sport-related concussion in Victoria, Australia","volume":"198","author":"Finch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. 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