{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T11:49:32Z","timestamp":1791892172396,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["R21HD068846"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21HD068846"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["1I01RX003676"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1I01RX003676"]}]},{"name":"Davis Phinney Foundation","award":["R21HD068846"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21HD068846"]}]},{"name":"Davis Phinney Foundation","award":["1I01RX003676"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1I01RX003676"]}]},{"name":"TeCK Fund","award":["R21HD068846"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21HD068846"]}]},{"name":"TeCK Fund","award":["1I01RX003676"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1I01RX003676"]}]},{"name":"College of Education, Health, and Human Services at Kent State University","award":["R21HD068846"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21HD068846"]}]},{"name":"College of Education, Health, and Human Services at Kent State University","award":["1I01RX003676"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1I01RX003676"]}]},{"name":"Brain Health Research Institute (A.R.) at Kent State University","award":["R21HD068846"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21HD068846"]}]},{"name":"Brain Health Research Institute (A.R.) at Kent State University","award":["1I01RX003676"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1I01RX003676"]}]},{"name":"U.S. Department of Veteran\u2019s Affairs","award":["R21HD068846"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21HD068846"]}]},{"name":"U.S. Department of Veteran\u2019s Affairs","award":["1I01RX003676"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1I01RX003676"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Purpose: This pilot randomized controlled trial evaluated the effects of 12 sessions of patient-specific adaptive dynamic cycling (PSADC) versus non-adaptive cycling (NA) on motor function and mobility in individuals with Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), using inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors for objective assessment. Methods: Twenty-three participants with PD (13 in the PSADC group and 10 in the NA group) completed the study over a 4-week period. Motor function was measured using the Kinesia\u2122 sensors and the MDS-UPDRS Motor III, while mobility was assessed with the TUG test using OPAL IMU sensors. Results: The PSADC group showed significant improvements in MDS-UPDRS Motor III scores (t = 5.165, p &lt; 0.001) and dopamine-sensitive symptoms (t = 4.629, p = 0.001), whereas the NA group did not improve. Both groups showed non-significant improvements in TUG time. IMU sensors provided continuous, quantitative, and unbiased measurements of motor function and mobility, offering a more precise and objective tracking of improvements over time. Conclusions: PSADC demonstrated enhanced treatment effects on PD motor function compared to NA while also reducing variability in individual responses. The integration of IMU sensors was essential for precise monitoring, supporting the potential of a data-driven, individualized exercise approach to optimize treatment outcomes for individuals with PD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24227364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T09:30:25Z","timestamp":1732008625000},"page":"7364","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Assessing Changes in Motor Function and Mobility in Individuals with Parkinson\u2019s Disease After 12 Sessions of Patient-Specific Adaptive Dynamic Cycling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5405-5865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Younguk","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Science and Exercise Physiology Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4909-8940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brittany E.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Science and Exercise Physiology Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9193-6704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lara","family":"Shigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Science and Exercise Physiology Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aasef G.","family":"Shaikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"},{"name":"Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9286-7765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth A.","family":"Loparo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Smart, Secure and Connected Systems, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8517-8710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela L.","family":"Ridgel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Science and Exercise Physiology Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-022-00410-y","article-title":"Incidence of Parkinson disease in North America","volume":"8","author":"Willis","year":"2022","journal-title":"npj Park. 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