{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T05:35:08Z","timestamp":1778304908612,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["5F31HD106777"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5F31HD106777"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The dynamic motor control index is an emerging biomarker of age-related neuromuscular impairment. To date, it has been computed by quantifying the co-activity of eleven lower limb muscles. Because clinics that routinely employ electromyography typically collect from fewer muscles, a reduced muscle sensor set may improve the clinical usability of this metric of motor control. This study aimed to test if commonly used eight- and five-muscle electromyography (EMG) sensor sets produce similar dynamic motor control indices as the previously examined eleven-muscle sensor set and similarly differentiate across age subgroups. EMG data were collected during treadmill walking from 36 adults separated into young (N = 18, &lt;35 yrs.), young-old (N = 13, 65\u201374 yrs.), and old-old (N = 5, \u226575 yrs.) subgroups. Dynamic motor control indices generated using the sensor set with eleven muscles correlated with the eight-muscle set (R2 = 0.70) but not the five-muscle set (R2 = 0.30). Regression models using the eleven-muscle (\u03c72(4) = 10.62, p = 0.031, Nagelkerke R2 = 0.297) and eight-muscle (\u03c72(4) = 9.418, p = 0.051, Nagelkerke R2 = 0.267) sets were significant and approaching significance, respectively, whereas the model for the five-muscle set was not significant (p = 0.663, Nagelkerke R2 = 0.073). In both the eleven-muscle (Wald \u03c72 = 5.16, p = 0.023, OR = 1.26) and eight-muscle models (Wald \u03c72 = 4.20, p = 0.04, OR = 1.19), a higher index significantly predicted being in the young group compared to the old-old group. Age-related differences in the neuromuscular control of walking can be detected using dynamic motor control indices generated using eleven- and eight-muscle sensor sets, increasing clinical usability of the dynamic motor control index.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24237442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T12:24:51Z","timestamp":1732191891000},"page":"7442","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Minimum Electromyography Sensor Set Needed to Identify Age-Related Impairments in the Neuromuscular Control of Walking Using the Dynamic Motor Control Index"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6002-3667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley N.","family":"Collimore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan T.","family":"Pohlig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Core Facility, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0159-8011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louis N.","family":"Awad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2022, March 09). 65 and Older Population Grows Rapidly as Baby Boomers Age, Available online: https:\/\/www.census.gov\/newsroom\/press-releases\/2020\/65-older-population-grows.html."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002179","article-title":"Age-Related Deficits in Voluntary Activation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"52","author":"Rozand","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. 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