{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T21:24:01Z","timestamp":1788038641593,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korea Health Technology R&amp;D Project through Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), the Ministry of Health &amp; Welfare, Republic of Korea","award":["HR22C1734"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HR22C1734"]}]},{"name":"Korea Health Technology R&amp;D Project through Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), the Ministry of Health &amp; Welfare, Republic of Korea","award":["P0017805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0017805"]}]},{"name":"Bio-convergence Technology Education Program through the Korea Institute for Advancement Technology (KIAT), the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, Republic of Korea","award":["HR22C1734"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HR22C1734"]}]},{"name":"Bio-convergence Technology Education Program through the Korea Institute for Advancement Technology (KIAT), the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, Republic of Korea","award":["P0017805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0017805"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The head-up tilt (HUT) test assesses both cardiovascular autonomic regulation and cerebral autoregulation. This exploratory study examined age-related changes in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular responses during the HUT test in three healthy cohorts (young, middle-aged, and elderly). We recruited 2342 neurologist-diagnosed \u2018normal\u2019 individuals from 18 June 2014 to 25 February 2022. Cerebrovascular and cardiovascular responses were assessed during the HUT test, including cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFv) of the middle cerebral artery, systolic arterial pressure (SYS), diastolic arterial pressure (DIA), mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulse pressure (PP), heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), and cerebrovascular conductance (CVCi). These variables were analyzed across three groups (young, middle-aged, and elderly) and three periods (resting, post-HUT, and recovery). Participants were stratified into three age groups: young (18\u201345 years; n = 384), middle-aged (46\u201359 years; n = 434), and elderly (\u226560 years; n = 590). PP increased significantly with age, while CBFv and CVCi decreased significantly across the three periods. As measurements progressed, DIA and HR increased, and SV, CBFv, and CVCi decreased. This study enhances our understanding of age-related differences in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular responses to the HUT test. These insights may improve the clinical utility of the HUT test and guide outcome analysis across age groups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24237565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T10:05:56Z","timestamp":1732701956000},"page":"7565","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Age-Related Differences in Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Responses During the Head-Up Tilt Test: An Exploratory Study Using Continuous Biosignal Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Catherine","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Digital Healthcare, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6803-1207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji Man","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Convergence of Healthcare and Medicine, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.91.2.351","article-title":"Effects of aging on the responsiveness of the human cardiac sympathetic nerves to stressors","volume":"91","author":"Esler","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000145157.07881.A3","article-title":"Maturation of cardiovagal autonomic function from childhood to young adult age","volume":"110","author":"Lenard","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.00263.x","article-title":"Regular aerobic exercise modulates age-associated declines in cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity in healthy men","volume":"529","author":"Monahan","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. 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