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Hydrotherapy, leveraging water\u2019s physical properties, is crucial for reducing joint stress, alleviating pain, and improving circulation. The rehabilitation of upper limbs benefits from technologies like virtual reality and robotics which, when combined with hydrotherapy, can accelerate recovery. Exoskeletons, which support and enhance movement, have shown promise for patients with neurological conditions or injuries. This study focused on implementing and comparing proportional\u2013integral\u2013derivative (PID) and fuzzy logic controllers (FLCs) in a lower limb exoskeleton. Initial PID control tests revealed instability, leading to a switch to a PI controller for better stability and the development of a fuzzy control system. A hybrid strategy was then applied, using FLC for smooth initial movements and PID for precise tracking, with optimized weighting to improve performance. The combination of PID and fuzzy controllers, with tailored weighting (70% for moderate angles and 100% for extensive movements), enhanced the exoskeleton\u2019s stability and precision. This study also explored quantum computing techniques, such as the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) and the quantum Fourier transform (QFT), to optimize controller tuning and improve real-time control, highlighting the potential of these advanced tools in refining rehabilitation devices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24237765","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T10:07:10Z","timestamp":1733306830000},"page":"7765","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Rehabilitation Technologies by Integrating Exoskeletons, Aquatic Therapy, and Quantum Computing for Enhanced Patient Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Fabio","family":"Salgado-Gomes-Sagaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Systems Engineering and Automation Department, University Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain"},{"name":"Bioengineering Institute, University Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0933-8986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Zorrilla-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioengineering Institute, University Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain"},{"name":"Institute on Gender Studies, University Carlos III of Madrid, Getafe, 28903 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2510-3829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Garcia-Aracil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioengineering Institute, University Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-023-01185-w","article-title":"Hybrid brain\/neural interface and autonomous vision-guided whole-arm exoskeleton control to perform activities of daily living (ADLs)","volume":"20","author":"Trigili","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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