{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:13:48Z","timestamp":1777896828218,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,7]],"date-time":"2024-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"\u201cGraduate School of Fine Dust Management Specialization\u201d of the Korea Environmental Industry &amp; Technology Institute","award":["NIER-2024-01-01-008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIER-2024-01-01-008"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Environment, Republic of Korea","award":["NIER-2024-01-01-008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIER-2024-01-01-008"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of 404 Environment Research (NIER)","award":["NIER-2024-01-01-008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIER-2024-01-01-008"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rapid industrialization and the influx of human resources have led to the establishment of industrial complexes near urban areas, exposing residents to various air pollutants. This has led to a decline in air quality, impacting neighboring residential areas adversely, which highlights the urgent need to monitor air pollution in these areas. Recent advancements in technology, such as Solar Occultation Flux (SOF) and Sky Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (SkyDOAS) used as remote sensing techniques and mobile extraction Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (MeFTIR) used as an in situ technique, now offer enhanced precision in estimating the pollutant emission flux and identifying primary sources. In a comprehensive study conducted in 2020 in the Sinpyeong Jangrim Industrial Complex in Busan City, South Korea, a mobile laboratory equipped with SOF, SkyDOAS, and MeFTIR technologies was employed to approximate the emission flux of total alkanes, sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), formaldehyde (HCHO), and methane (CH4). Using the HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) diffusion model, pollutant dispersion to residential areas was simulated. The highest average daily emission flux was observed for total alkanes, with values of 69.9 \u00b1 71.6 kg\/h and 84.1 \u00b1 85.8 kg\/h in zones S1 and S2 of the Sinpyeong Jangrim Industrial Complex, respectively. This is primarily due to the prevalence of metal manufacturing and mechanical equipment industries in the area. The HYSPLIT diffusion model confirmed elevated pollution levels in residential areas located southeast of the industrial complex, underscoring the influence of the dominant northwesterly wind direction and wind speed on pollutant dispersion. This highlights the urgent need for targeted interventions to address and mitigate air pollution in downwind residential areas. The total annual emission fluxes were estimated at 399,984 kg\/yr and 398,944 kg\/yr for zones S1 and S2, respectively. A comparison with the Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers (PRTRs) survey system revealed that the total annual emission fluxes in this study were approximately 24.3 and 4.9 times higher than those reported by PRTRs. This indicates a significant underestimation of the impact of small businesses on local air quality, which was not accounted for in the PRTR survey system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24237836","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T11:16:48Z","timestamp":1733743008000},"page":"7836","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Air Pollution Measurement and Dispersion Simulation Using Remote and In Situ Monitoring Technologies in an Industrial Complex in Busan, South Korea"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7995-2853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naghmeh","family":"Dehkhoda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Earth Environmental System Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5220-2489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juhyeon","family":"Sim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Earth Environmental System Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2137-7993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juseon","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Earth Environmental System Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3727-8239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sohee","family":"Joo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Earth Environmental System Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung Hwan","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Air Pollution Engineering Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeong Hun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Air Pollution Engineering Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youngmin","family":"Noh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24815","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-09042-2","article-title":"Ambient air pollution and its influence on human health and welfare: An overview","volume":"27","author":"Almetwally","year":"2020","journal-title":"Env. 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