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However, the increasing electromagnetic spectrum utilization has led to significant Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) challenges, particularly critical given the sensors\u2019 fine temperature resolution requirements of less than 1 K. This work presents the hardware implementation of an advanced RFI detection and mitigation algorithm specifically designed for interferometric radiometers, targeting future L-band missions. The implementation processes 1-bit quantized signals at 57.69375 MHz from multiple receivers, employing time-frequency analysis and polarimetric detection techniques while optimizing Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) resource utilization. Novel optimization strategies include overclocked processing cores operating at 230.775 MHz, efficient resource sharing through operation serialization, and strategic memory management. The system achieves real-time processing capabilities while maintaining detection probabilities above 63% with false alarm rates below 1% for typical interference scenarios. Performance validation using synthetic datasets demonstrates robust operation across various RFI conditions, making this implementation suitable as part of the RFI detection and mitigation efforts for future interferometric radiometer missions beyond SMOS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24248001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T03:46:02Z","timestamp":1734407162000},"page":"8001","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Resource-Efficient FPGA Architecture for Real-Time RFI Mitigation in Interferometric Radiometers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2736-1028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian","family":"Perez-Portero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CommSensLab\u2014UPC, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya\u2014BarcelonaTech, 08034 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Space Studies of Catalonia (IEEC)\u2014CTE-UPC, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain"},{"name":"MITIC Solutions S.L., 08017 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8500-5534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Querol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CommSensLab\u2014UPC, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya\u2014BarcelonaTech, 08034 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"MITIC Solutions S.L., 08017 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, 1855 Luxembourg, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9514-4992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriano","family":"Camps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CommSensLab\u2014UPC, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya\u2014BarcelonaTech, 08034 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Space Studies of Catalonia (IEEC)\u2014CTE-UPC, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain"},{"name":"MITIC Solutions S.L., 08017 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ulaby, F.T., Moore, R.K., and Fung, A.K. (1981). Microwave Remote Sensing: Active and Passive. Volume 1\u2014Microwave Remote Sensing Fundamentals and Radiometry, Artech House Publishers."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2010.2043032","article-title":"The SMOS Mission: New Tool for Monitoring Key Elements ofthe Global Water Cycle","volume":"98","author":"Kerr","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2010.2043918","article-title":"The Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Mission","volume":"98","author":"Entekhabi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2012.2182775","article-title":"SMOS Radio Frequency Interference Scenario: Status and Actions Taken to Improve the RFI Environment in the 1400-1427-MHz Passive Band","volume":"50","author":"Oliva","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. 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