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These methods often limit traffic speed, stability, and safety under dynamic conditions, including varying vehicle loads and fluctuating water levels. To address these challenges, this study proposes a novel Hydraulic Self-Adaptive Bearing System (HABS). The system integrates real-time position closed-loop control and a flexible support compensation method to enhance stability and adaptability to environmental changes. A modified three-variable controller is introduced to optimise load response, while a multi-state observer control strategy effectively reduces vibrations and improves traffic smoothness. A 1:15 scale prototype was constructed, and a co-simulation model combining MATLAB\/Simulink and MSC Adams was developed to simulate various operational conditions. Results from both experiments and simulations demonstrate the HABS\u2019s ability to adapt to varying loads and environmental disturbances, achieving a 72% reduction in displacement and a 54% reduction in acceleration. These improvements enhance traffic speed, stability, and safety, making the system a promising solution for emergency and floating bridges, providing superior performance under challenging and dynamic conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24248079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T09:43:03Z","timestamp":1734514983000},"page":"8079","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Modelling, Analysis and Validation of Hydraulic Self-Adaptive Bearings for Elevated Floating Bridges"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1458-3967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lianpeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9262-0494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tailai","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0128-6402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruichen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6423-2001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Crosbee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Railway Research, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Purcell, M.J., and Forrester, N.C. 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