{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T21:30:35Z","timestamp":1783459835589,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Temporal parameters are crucial for understanding running performance, especially in elite sports environments. Traditional measurement methods are often labor-intensive and not suitable for field conditions. This study seeks to provide greater clarity in parameter estimation using a single device by comparing it to the gold standard. Specifically, this study aims to investigate how the temporal parameters and vertical stiffness (Kvert) of running stride exerted by IMU sensors are related to the parameters of the smart insole for outdoor acquisition. Ten healthy male subjects performed four 60-meter high-speed runs. Data were collected using the WIMU PRO\u2122 device and smart insoles. Contact time (CT) and flight time (FT) were identified, and Kvert was calculated using Morin\u2019s method. Statistical analyses assessed data normality, correlations, and reliability. WIMU measured longer CT, with differences ranging from 26.3% to 38.5%, and shorter FT, with differences ranging from 27.3% to 54.5%, compared to smart insoles, across different running speeds. Kvert values were lower with WIMU, with differences ranging from 23.96% to 45.01% depending on the running activity, indicating significant differences (p &lt; 0.001). Using these results, a multiple linear regression model was developed for the correction of WIMU\u2019s Kvert values, improving the accuracy. The improved accuracy of Kvert measurements has significant implications for athletic performance. It provides sports scientists with a more reliable metric to estimate player fatigue, potentially leading to more effective training regimens and injury prevention strategies. This advancement is particularly valuable in team sports settings, where easy-to-use and accurate biomechanical assessments of multiple athletes are essential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24248087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T11:17:22Z","timestamp":1734520642000},"page":"8087","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Evaluation of WIMU Sensor Performance in Estimating Running Stride and Vertical Stiffness in Football Training Sessions: A Comparison with Smart Insoles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1638-1542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvatore","family":"Pinelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Corso D\u2019Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5858-2758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauro","family":"Mandorino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Performance and Analytics Department, Parma Calcio 1913, 43124 Parma, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome \u201cForo Italico\u201d, 00135 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Lacome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Performance and Analytics Department, Parma Calcio 1913, 43124 Parma, Italy"},{"name":"Sport Expertise and Performance Laboratory, French National Institute of Sports (INSEP), 75012 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0660-7204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Fantozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering \u201cGuglielmo Marconi\u201d, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hanley, B., Tucker, C.B., Gallagher, L., Parelkar, P., Thomas, L., Crespo, R., and Price, R.J. 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