{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T20:56:30Z","timestamp":1792184190510,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,21]],"date-time":"2024-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"R\u00e9seau provincial de recherche en adaptation-r\u00e9adaptation of the Fonds de recherche du Qu\u00e9bec\u2014Sant\u00e9","award":["2020-06210"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-06210"]}]},{"name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada discovery grant program","award":["2020-06210"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-06210"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Foot strike patterns influence vertical loading rates during running. Running retraining interventions often include switching to a new foot strike pattern. Sudden changes in the foot strike pattern may be uncomfortable and may lead to higher step-to-step variability. This study evaluated the effects of running with an imposed and usual foot strike on vertical loading rate variability and amplitude. Twenty-seven participants (16 men and 11 women; age range: 18\u201330 years) ran on an instrumented treadmill with their usual foot strike for 10 min. Then, the participants were instructed to run with an unusual foot strike for 6 min. We calculated the vertical instantaneous and vertical average loading rates and their variances over 200 steps to quantify vertical loading rate variability. We also calculated the amplitude and variability of the shank acceleration peak using an inertial measurement unit. The vertical loading rate and shank acceleration peak amplitudes were higher when running with a rearfoot strike, regardless of the foot strike conditions (i.e., usual or imposed). The vertical loading rate and shank acceleration peak variability were higher when running with an imposed rearfoot strike than when running with a usual forefoot strike. No differences were found in the vertical loading rate and shank acceleration peak variabilities between the imposed forefoot strike and usual rearfoot strike conditions. This study offers compelling evidence that adopting an imposed (i.e., unusual) rearfoot strike amplifies loading rate and shank acceleration peak variabilities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24248163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T10:58:55Z","timestamp":1734951535000},"page":"8163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Influence of Sudden Changes in Foot Strikes on Loading Rate Variability in Runners"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5777-8731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maxime","family":"Chabot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Kinesiology, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V OA6, Canada"},{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (Cirris), Quebec City, QC G1M 2S8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8427-385X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre","family":"Thibault-Piedboeuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Kinesiology, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V OA6, Canada"},{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (Cirris), Quebec City, QC G1M 2S8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8024-0527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie-Lyne","family":"Nault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azrieli Research Center of the CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, QC H3T 1J4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2853-9940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-S\u00e9bastien","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (Cirris), Quebec City, QC G1M 2S8, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3581-7259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe C.","family":"Dixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3207-1973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Simoneau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Kinesiology, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V OA6, Canada"},{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (Cirris), Quebec City, QC G1M 2S8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-093885","article-title":"Health benefits of different sport disciplines for adults: A systematic review of observational and intervention studies with meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Oja","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-015-0359-y","article-title":"Meta-analyses of the effects of habitual running on indices of health in physically inactive Adults","volume":"45","author":"Junior","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2007.044677","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors of running-related injuries during preparation for a 4-mile recreational running event","volume":"44","author":"Buist","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2006.033548","article-title":"Incidence and determinants of lower extremity running injuries in long distance runners: A systematic review","volume":"41","author":"Siem","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.36.2.95","article-title":"A retrospective case-control analysis of 2002 running injuries","volume":"36","author":"Ryan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-094579","article-title":"Greater vertical impact loading in female runners with medically diagnosed injuries: A prospective investigation","volume":"50","author":"Davis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-094924","article-title":"Do runners who suffer injuries have higher vertical ground reaction forces than those who remain injury-free? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Vrielink","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2018.09.017","article-title":"The measurement of tibial acceleration in runners\u2014A review of the factors that can affect tibial acceleration during running and evidence-based guidelines for its use","volume":"67","author":"Sheerin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2005.10.003","article-title":"Kinetic asymmetry in female runners with and without retrospective tibial stress fractures","volume":"39","author":"Zifchock","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2010.09.003","article-title":"Gait retraining to reduce lower extremity loading in runners","volume":"26","author":"Crowell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2018.03.043","article-title":"Is symmetry of loading improved for injured runners during novice barefoot running?","volume":"62","author":"Tenforde","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gruber, A.H. (2023). The \u201cimpacts cause injury\u201d hypothesis: Running in circles or making new strides?. J. Biomech., 156.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2023.111694"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2017.02.004","article-title":"Is changing footstrike pattern beneficial to runners?","volume":"6","author":"Hamill","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Sport Health Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738120934715","article-title":"Effects of foot strike techniques on tunning biomechanics: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2306","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31829efcf7","article-title":"Forefoot strikers exhibit lower running-induced knee loading than rearfoot strikers","volume":"45","author":"Kulmala","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3182465115","article-title":"Foot strike and injury rates in endurance runners: A retrospective study","volume":"44","author":"Daoud","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000234","article-title":"Rearfoot and midfoot or forefoot impacts in habitually shod runners","volume":"46","author":"Boyer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08723","article-title":"Foot strike patterns and collision forces in habitually barefoot versus shod runners","volume":"463","author":"Lieberman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2462","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001030","article-title":"Footwear matters: Influence of footwear and foot strike on load rates during running","volume":"48","author":"Rice","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001629","article-title":"Relationships between habitual cadence, footstrike, and vertical load rates in runners","volume":"50","author":"Futrell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000183477.75808.92","article-title":"Biomechanical factors associated with tibial stress fracture in female runners","volume":"38","author":"Milner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095278","article-title":"Running retraining to treat lower limb injuries: A mixed-methods study of current evidence synthesised with expert opinion","volume":"50","author":"Barton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2015.11.018","article-title":"Runners with patellofemoral pain have altered biomechanics which targeted interventions can modify: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Neal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2016.03.010","article-title":"The effects of gait retraining in runners with patellofemoral pain: A randomized trial","volume":"35","author":"Roper","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000890","article-title":"Influence of step rate on shin injury and anterior knee pain in high school runners","volume":"48","author":"Luedke","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1291232","article-title":"Step frequency and lower extremity loading during running","volume":"33","author":"Hobara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2011.3771","article-title":"Landing pattern modification to improve patellofemoral pain in runners: A case series","volume":"41","author":"Cheung","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512439182","article-title":"Forefoot running improves pain and disability associated with chronic exertional compartment syndrome","volume":"40","author":"Diebal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546517736277","article-title":"Gait Retraining for the Reduction of Injury Occurrence in Novice Distance Runners: 1-Year Follow-up of a Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"46","author":"Chan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2014.03.006","article-title":"Reduction in ground reaction force variables with instructed barefoot running","volume":"3","author":"Samaan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Sport Health Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-022-00473-4","article-title":"A proposed framework to describe movement variability within sporting tasks: A scoping review","volume":"8","author":"Cowin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sports Med.\u2014Open"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NPT.0000281949.48193.d9","article-title":"Optimal movement variability: A new theoretical perspective for neurologic physical therapy","volume":"30","author":"Stergiou","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2016.02.013","article-title":"Loading rate increases during barefoot running in habitually shod runners: Individual responses to an unfamiliar condition","volume":"46","author":"Tam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.2019-0337","article-title":"Standardized lab shoes do not decrease loading rate variability in recreational runners","volume":"36","author":"Hunter","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Appl. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2012.08.002","article-title":"Differences in kinetic variables between injured and noninjured novice runners: A prospective cohort study","volume":"16","author":"Bredeweg","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Sci. Med. Sport"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200009000-00018","article-title":"Evaluation of lower extremity overuse injury potential in runners","volume":"32","author":"Hreljac","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2008.053421","article-title":"Biomechanical variables associated with Achilles tendinopathy in runners","volume":"43","author":"Azevedo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2013.04.014","article-title":"Differences in kinetic asymmetry between injured and noninjured novice runners: A prospective cohort study","volume":"38","author":"Bredeweg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199507000-00002","article-title":"Etiology of iliotibial band friction syndrome in distance runners","volume":"27","author":"Messier","year":"1995","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gaudette, L.W., Bradach, M.M., de Souza Junior, J.R., Heiderscheit, B., Johnson, C.D., Posilkin, J., Rauh, M.J., Sara, L.K., Wasserman, L., and Hollander, K. (2022). Clinical application of gait retraining in the injured runner. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11216497"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2012.728249","article-title":"Lower extremity joint stiffness characteristics during running with different footfall patterns","volume":"14","author":"Hamill","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Sport Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000254","article-title":"Joint kinetics in rearfoot versus forefoot running: Implications of switching technique","volume":"46","author":"Stearne","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325967117719065","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967117719065","article-title":"Three-dimensional biomechanical analysis of rearfoot and forefoot running","volume":"5","author":"Knorz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orthop. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2016.02.002","article-title":"Comparison of the correlations between impact loading rates and peak accelerations measured at two different body sites: Intra- and inter-subject analysis","volume":"46","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-821327","article-title":"Mechanical comparison of barefoot and shod running","volume":"26","author":"Divert","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.203.2.229","article-title":"The independent effects of gravity and inertia on running mechanics","volume":"203","author":"Chang","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.1994.tb02570.x","article-title":"Advantages of permutration (randomization) tests in clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology","volume":"21","author":"Ludbrook","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1177\/1558689812454457","article-title":"A Primer on quantitized data analysis and permutation testing","volume":"7","author":"Collingridge","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mix. Methods Res."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"888","article-title":"Foot strike patterns of runners at the 15-km point during an elite-level half marathon","volume":"21","author":"Hasegawa","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2011.610347","article-title":"Foot strike patterns of recreational and sub-elite runners in a long-distance road race","volume":"29","author":"Larson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, L., Mei, Q., Xiang, L., Liu, W., Mohamad, N.I., Istv\u00e1n, B., Fernandez, J., and Gu, Y. (2021). Principal component analysis of the running ground reaction forces with different speeds. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.629809"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8866340","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8866340","article-title":"Leg stiffness and vertical stiffness of habitual forefoot and rearfoot strikers during running","volume":"2020","author":"Yin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Bionics Biomech."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-014-3072-x","article-title":"Shoe drop has opposite influence on running pattern when running overground or on a treadmill","volume":"115","author":"Chambon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.16.2.210","article-title":"Lower extremity mechanics in runners with a converted forefoot strike pattern","volume":"16","author":"Williams","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Appl. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0b013e31826c9bb9","article-title":"Barefoot running: Biomechanics and implications for running injuries","volume":"11","author":"Altman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Sports Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"225","article-title":"Effect of acute alterations in foot strike patterns during running on sagittal plane lower limb kinematics and kinetics","volume":"14","author":"Valenzuela","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci. Med."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mo, A., Izzi, F., Haeufle, D.F.B., and Badri-Spr\u00f6witz, A. (2020). Effective viscous damping enables morphological computation in legged locomotion. Front. Robot. AI, 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2020.00110"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.2013-0239","article-title":"Changes in sagittal plane kinematics with treadmill familiarization to barefoot running","volume":"30","author":"Moore","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Appl. Biomech."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/24\/24\/8163\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:57:22Z","timestamp":1760115442000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/24\/24\/8163"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,21]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["s24248163"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s24248163","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,21]]}}}