{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T17:11:17Z","timestamp":1760116277808,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,21]],"date-time":"2024-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Director Fund of the Key Laboratory of Cognitive Radio and Information Processing","award":["CRKL210109","2022GXNSFBA035645"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRKL210109","2022GXNSFBA035645"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Natural Science Foundation for Youths","award":["CRKL210109","2022GXNSFBA035645"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRKL210109","2022GXNSFBA035645"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper proposes a green computing strategy for low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks (LSNs), addressing energy efficiency and delay optimization in dynamic and energy-constrained environments. By integrating a Markov Decision Process (MDP) with a Double Deep Q-Network (Double DQN) and introducing the Energy\u2013Delay Ratio (EDR) metric, this study effectively quantifies and balances energy savings with delay costs. Simulations demonstrate significant energy savings, with reductions of up to 47.87% under low business volumes, accompanied by a minimal delay increase of only 0.0161 s. For medium business volumes, energy savings reach 26.75%, with a delay increase of 0.0189 s, while high business volumes achieve a 4.36% energy reduction and a delay increase of 0.0299 s. These results highlight the proposed strategy\u2019s ability to effectively balance energy efficiency and delay, showcasing its adaptability and suitability for sustainable operations in LEO satellite networks under varying traffic loads.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24248184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T10:58:55Z","timestamp":1734951535000},"page":"8184","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Green Computing Business Aggregation Strategy for Low Earth Orbit Satellite Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Bo","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, 1 Xiamen Road, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, 1 Xiamen Road, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongyan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, 1 Xiamen Road, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zelin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, 1 Xiamen Road, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1050-1122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuhang","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, 1 Xiamen Road, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"ITU (2024, September 10). Framework and Overall Objectives of the Future Development of IMT for 2030 and Beyond. Available online: https:\/\/www.itu.int\/en\/publications\/Pages\/default.aspx."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.011.2100643","article-title":"Creating Efficient Integrated Satellite-Terrestrial Networks in the 6G Era","volume":"29","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2023.3296160","article-title":"Low Earth Orbit Satellite Security and Reliability: Issues, Solutions, and the Road Ahead","volume":"25","author":"Yue","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. 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