{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T15:03:31Z","timestamp":1778771011369,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,22]],"date-time":"2024-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Pr\u00e9mio Jo\u00e3o Lobo Antunes 2021\u2014Santa Casa da Miseric\u00f3rdia de Lisboa"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Virtual reality (VR) has been used in research and clinical practice in the management of Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), potentially enhancing physiotherapy. Adverse events (AEs) associated with VR applications in PD have been poorly explored. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to compare two 12-week interventions using physiotherapy and immersive VR, and analyzed the frequency and type of AEs occurring in 30 people with PD. We reported 144 AEs (8.4% of the sessions), predominantly classified as mild and unrelated to the interventions. Two were serious AEs, one leading to study discontinuation. Notably, discomfort\/pain, motor fluctuations, and falls were the most frequently reported, accounting for 63% of the total AEs. Five falls were definitely associated with the \u2018sense of presence\u2019 provided by the fully immersive VR system, which underscores the necessity for careful game selection when designing interventions for PD. Motor fluctuations may have been associated with various factors, which merit further investigation. We also explored the role of SSQ as a measure of cybersickness in PD. In conclusion, it is important to closely monitor and characterize AEs to ensure safety and efficacy in clinical practice as AEs may be more common than previously recognized in VR interventions in PD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24248188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T10:58:55Z","timestamp":1734951535000},"page":"8188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Safety of Immersive Virtual Reality for the Management of Parkinson\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Daniela","family":"Pimenta Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"CNS\u2014Campus Neurol\u00f3gico, 2560-280 Torres Vedras, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0263-8521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipa","family":"Pona-Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNS\u2014Campus Neurol\u00f3gico, 2560-280 Torres Vedras, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNS\u2014Campus Neurol\u00f3gico, 2560-280 Torres Vedras, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1706-5639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Campo-Prieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HealthyFit Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36313 Vigo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3756-2763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Bou\u00e7a-Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"CNS\u2014Campus Neurol\u00f3gico, 2560-280 Torres Vedras, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joaquim J.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"CNS\u2014Campus Neurol\u00f3gico, 2560-280 Torres Vedras, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00218-X","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"397","author":"Bloem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"European Physiotherapy Guideline for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"191","author":"Keus","year":"2014","journal-title":"KNGF\/Park. 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