{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T10:00:43Z","timestamp":1780912843739,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["825003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["825003"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health \u201cRicerca Corrente\u201d 2024","award":["825003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["825003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Wearable powered exoskeletons could be used to provide robotic-assisted gait training (RAGT) in people with stroke (PwST) and walking disability. The study aims to compare the differences in cardiac function, fatigue, and workload during activities of daily living (ADLs), while wearing an exoskeleton. Methods. Five PwST were recruited in this pilot cross-sectional study. We observed three experimental conditions: walking without and with the UAN.GO exoskeleton and walking with the UAN.GO combined with the OPTIGO walker. Each condition included five trials related to ADLs such as sitting and walking. Results. No statistically significant difference was found between heart rate and R\u2013R of ECG data while comparing all the observed conditions during each respective trial. The NASA Task Load Index did not show significant differences across all trials, except for a significant difference between Condition 2 and Condition 3 in Trial 4 (p = 0.043). However, walking and sit-to-stand tasks seem to be more challenging according to the NASA-TLX. Only one participant scored over 70 points on the System Usability Scale. The TSQ-WT scores for conditions 2 and 3 were 62 (56.5\u201372.5) and 70 (66.5\u201375) points, respectively. Conclusions. This study suggests that UAN.GO exoskeleton could be used for RAGT in PwST with disability without compromising cardiovascular function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s25010172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T07:34:19Z","timestamp":1735630459000},"page":"172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Cardiac Function and Fatigue During Exoskeleton-Assisted Sit-to-Stand Maneuver and Walking in People with Stroke with Moderate to Severe Gait Disability: A Pilot Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Raimondas","family":"Kubilius","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, Lithuania University of Health Sciences (LUHS), 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darius","family":"Ruo\u010dkus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, Lithuania University of Health Sciences (LUHS), 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vitalija","family":"Stonkuvien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, Lithuania University of Health Sciences (LUHS), 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rugil\u0117","family":"Vareikait\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, Lithuania University of Health Sciences (LUHS), 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4091-5611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Cardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9268-3915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Bowman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, 20148 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1649503","article-title":"Global Burden of Stroke","volume":"38","author":"Mira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin. 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