{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T19:58:32Z","timestamp":1792526312942,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61801318"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61801318"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFQ0011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFQ0011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018525","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61801318"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61801318"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018525","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018525","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFQ0011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFQ0011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018525","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As the Internet of Things (IoT) expands globally, the challenge of signal transmission in remote regions without traditional communication infrastructure becomes prominent. An effective solution involves integrating aerial, terrestrial, and space components to form a Space\u2013Air\u2013Ground Integrated Network (SAGIN). This paper discusses an uplink signal scenario in which various types of data collection sensors as IoT devices use Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) as relays to forward signals to low-Earth-orbit satellites. Considering the fairness of resource allocation among IoT devices of the same category, our goal is to maximize the minimum uplink channel capacity for each category of IoT devices, which is a multi-objective optimization problem. Specifically, the variables include the deployment locations of UAVs, bandwidth allocation ratios, and the association between UAVs and IoT devices. To address this problem, we propose a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm that ensures fair resource distribution among multiple parties. The algorithm is validated in eight different scenario settings and compared with various traditional multi-objective optimization algorithms. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can achieve higher-quality Pareto fronts (PFs) and better convergence, indicating more equitable resource allocation and improved algorithmic effectiveness in addressing this issue. Moreover, these pre-prepared, high-quality solutions from PFs provide adaptability to varying requirements in signal collection scenarios.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s25010274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T06:43:04Z","timestamp":1736145784000},"page":"274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Multi-Objective Optimization for Resource Allocation in Space\u2013Air\u2013Ground Network with Diverse IoT Devices"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Yongnan","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangrong","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1285-6098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linyu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamid","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8316-7732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qian","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15460","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3176903","article-title":"UAV-assisted data collection for internet of things: A survey","volume":"9","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2022.3187138","article-title":"Collaborative sensing in internet of things: A comprehensive survey","volume":"24","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. 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