{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T03:06:19Z","timestamp":1780628779866,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: To develop a novel capillary refill time measurement system and evaluate its reliability and reproducibility. (2) Methods: Firstly, the utilization of electromagnetic pressure technology facilitates the automatic compression and instantaneous release of the finger. Secondly, the employment of pressure sensing technology and photoelectric volumetric pulse wave analysis technology enables the dynamic monitoring of blood flow in distal tissues. Thirdly, the subjects were recruited to compare the average measurement time and the number of measurements required for successful measurements. The satisfaction of doctors and patients with the instrument was investigated through the administration of questionnaires. Finally, 71 subjects were recruited and divided into two groups, A and B. Three doctors repeated the measurement of the right index fingers of the subjects. In Group A, the same measuring instrument was used, and the consistency of the measurements was evaluated using the intragroup correlation coefficient. In Group B, one doctor repeated the measurement of each subject three times using the same measuring instrument, and the reproducibility of the CRT was evaluated using the analysis of variance of the repeated measurement data. (3) Results: The development of the capillary refill time meter was successful, with an average measurement time of 18 s and a single measurement. This study found that doctor\u2013patient satisfaction levels were 98.3% and 100%, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.995 in Group A, and the p-value was greater than 0.05 in Group B. (4) Conclusions: The non-invasive monitoring of microcirculation has been rendered both rapid and effective, thus paving the way for the further mechanization and standardization of this process. The CRT, when measured using the capillary refill time meter test machine, demonstrated consistent and reproducible results, both when assessed by different researchers and when evaluated across varying measurement sets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s25020330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T09:30:45Z","timestamp":1736328645000},"page":"330","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A New Approach to Non-Invasive Microcirculation Monitoring: Quantifying Capillary Refill Time Using Oximetric Pulse Waves"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Yuxiang","family":"Xia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, 30 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District Beijing, Beijing 102218, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinrui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, 30 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District Beijing, Beijing 102218, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, 168 Litang Road, Changping District, Beijing 102218, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5346-6902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuesong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, 168 Litang Road, Changping District, Beijing 102218, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, 168 Litang Road, Changping District, Beijing 102218, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1097\/MCC.0000000000000729","article-title":"Monitoring coherence between the macro and microcirculation in septic shock","volume":"26","author":"Bakker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. 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