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It is also a guarantee for soil quality, environmental safety, and human health. However, the current rapid detection methods are prone to sample matrix interference, complex development processes, short lifespan, and low detection accuracy. Moreover, they face difficulties in achieving simultaneous detection of petroleum hydrocarbons and organic pesticides. In this paper, we developed an electronic nose system for the simultaneous detection of petroleum hydrocarbons and organic pesticides in soil based on gas technology, which includes a sampling module and recognition model. The developed sampling module can simultaneously acquire the odor signals of petroleum hydrocarbons and organic pesticides in soil. The established recognition model can quickly distinguish between healthy soil, soil contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons, and soil contaminated by organic pesticides. It can also achieve specific recognition of pesticide types and petroleum types. The performance of the developed electronic nose system was verified for real soil, petroleum products, and organic pesticides. The experiment shows that the developed electronic nose system has an accuracy of 100% for three tasks: soil conditions identification, pesticide types identification, and petroleum types identification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s25020380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T08:03:05Z","timestamp":1736496185000},"page":"380","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Rapid and Simultaneous Detection of Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Pesticides in Soil Based on Electronic Nose"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Cheng","family":"Kong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Geohazard Prevention and Control, Beijing 100011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Northeast Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Changchun 130021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Northeast Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Changchun 130021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China"},{"name":"School of Engineering and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Automotive Chassis Integration and Bionics, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuyan","family":"Gou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geoexploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baojun","family":"Rong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun 130052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1111\/sum.12794","article-title":"An assessment of potential pesticide transmission, considering the combined impact of soil texture and pesticide properties: A meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"McGinley","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soil Use Manag."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1134\/S1064229306050127","article-title":"The effect of pollution with oil and oil products on the biological status of ordinary chernozems","volume":"39","author":"Kolesnikov","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eurasian Soil Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gunstone, T., Cornelisse, T., Klein, K., Dubey, A., and Donley, N. 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