{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T02:18:39Z","timestamp":1791425919653,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,18]],"date-time":"2025-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shanxi Provincial Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project","award":["2024SJ247"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024SJ247"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To enhance the positioning accuracy of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), a new adaptive filtering algorithm (RHAUKF) is proposed. The most widely used filtering algorithm is the traditional Unscented Kalman Filter or the Adaptive Robust UKF (ARUKF). Excessive noise interference may cause a decrease in filtering accuracy and is highly likely to result in divergence by means of the traditional Unscented Kalman Filter, resulting in an increase in uncertainty factors during submersible mission execution. An estimation model for system noise, the adaptive Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) algorithm was derived in light of the maximum likelihood criterion and optimized by applying the rolling-horizon estimation method, using the Newton\u2013Raphson algorithm for the maximum likelihood estimation of noise statistics, and it was verified by simulation experiments using the Lie group inertial navigation error model. The results indicate that, compared with the UKF algorithm and the ARUKF, the improved algorithm reduces attitude angle errors by 45%, speed errors by 44%, and three-dimensional position errors by 47%. It can better cope with complex underwater environments, effectively address the problems of low filtering accuracy and even divergence, and improve the stability of submersibles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s25020551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T10:32:15Z","timestamp":1737369135000},"page":"551","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["An Improved Unscented Kalman Filter Applied to Positioning and Navigation of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6883-6976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinchao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechatronics Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechatronics Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shizhong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechatronics Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechatronics Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingling","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechatronics Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luoyin","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechatronics Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinghao","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechatronics Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianwu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechatronics Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2019.04.011","article-title":"Advancements in the field of autonomous underwater vehicle","volume":"181","author":"Sahoo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ocean Eng."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Merveille FF, R., Jia, B., Xu, Z., and Fred, B. 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