{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T08:11:21Z","timestamp":1768810281564,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korea Aerospace Research Institute","award":["FR25K00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FR25K00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>For change detection in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery, amplitude change detection (ACD) and coherent change detection (CCD) are widely employed. However, time-series SAR data often contain noise and variability introduced by system and environmental factors, requiring mitigation. Additionally, the stability of SAR signals is preserved when calibration accounts for temporal and environmental variations. Although ACD and CCD techniques can detect changes, spatial variability outside the primary target area introduces complexity into the analysis. This study presents a robust change detection methodology designed to identify urban changes using KOMPSAT-5 time-series data. A comprehensive preprocessing framework\u2014including coregistration, radiometric terrain correction, normalization, and speckle filtering\u2014was implemented to ensure data consistency and accuracy. Statistical homogeneous pixels (SHPs) were extracted to identify stable targets, and coherence-based analysis was employed to quantify temporal decorrelation and detect changes. Adaptive thresholding and morphological operations refined the detected changes, while small-segment removal mitigated noise effects. Experimental results demonstrated high reliability, with an overall accuracy of 92%, validated using confusion matrix analysis. The methodology effectively identified urban changes, highlighting the potential of KOMPSAT-5 data for post-disaster monitoring and urban change detection. Future improvements are suggested, focusing on the stability of InSAR orbits to further enhance detection precision. The findings underscore the potential for broader applications of the developed SAR time-series change detection technology, promoting increased utilization of KOMPSAT SAR data for both domestic and international research and monitoring initiatives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s25020583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T10:32:15Z","timestamp":1737369135000},"page":"583","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Time-Series Change Detection Using KOMPSAT-5 Data with Statistical Homogeneous Pixel Selection Algorithm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3343-9602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirza Muhammad","family":"Waqar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Satellite Image Application Team, CONTEC, Daejeon 34074, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heein","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Satellite Image Application Team, CONTEC, Daejeon 34074, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9849-0939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahmi","family":"Sukmawati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Satellite Image Application Team, CONTEC, Daejeon 34074, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6012-6612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung-Ho","family":"Chae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Satellite Application Division, Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI), Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1902-4374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwan-Young","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Satellite Application Division, Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI), Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2004.838698","article-title":"Image change detection algorithms: A systematic survey","volume":"14","author":"Radke","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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