{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T18:10:04Z","timestamp":1769105404774,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation","award":["81701265"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81701265"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fluorescent iron nanoclusters are emerging fluorescent nanomaterials. Herein, we synthesized hemoglobin-coated iron nanoclusters (Hb\u2212Fe NCs) with a significant fluorescence emission peak at 615 nm and investigated the inner-filter effect of fluorescence induced by a manganese dioxide nanosheet (MnO2 NS). The fluorescence quenching of Hb\u2212Fe NCs by a MnO2 NS can be significantly reversed by the addition of ascorbic acid. On the basis of fluorescent recovery by ascorbic acid, we proposed a system that consisted of Hb\u2212Fe NCs, a MnO2 NS and ascorbate phosphate, and the proposed system was successfully used for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) detection in the range of 0\u201320 \u03bcg\/mL based on the significant fluorescence recovery achieved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s25020585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T10:32:15Z","timestamp":1737369135000},"page":"585","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Fluorescent Detection of Alkaline Phosphatase Based on Iron Nanoclusters and a Manganese Dioxide Nanosheet"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Liang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinwen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110057, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiazhen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2024.06.172","article-title":"Gold nanoclusters cure implant infections by targeting biofilm","volume":"674","author":"Gong","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Colloid. Interf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e231052","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202310529","article-title":"Multiscale bioresponses of metal nanoclusters","volume":"36","author":"Shi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qiao, Z., Zhang, J., Hai, X., Yan, Y., Song, W., and Bi, S. (2021). Recent advances in templated synthesis of metal nanoclusters and their applications in biosensing, bioimaging and theranostics. Biosens. Bioelectron., 176.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2020.112898"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.128158","article-title":"Copper nanoclusters-based fluorescent sensor array to identify metal ions and dissolved organic matter","volume":"428","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2022.340023","article-title":"A three-dimensional \u201cturn-on\u201d sensor array for simultaneous discrimination of multiple heavy metal ions based on bovine serum albumin hybridized fluorescent gold nanoclusters","volume":"1220","author":"Xi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.69424","article-title":"Platinum-based drugs for cancer therapy and anti-tumor strategies","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2024.125631","article-title":"Silver nanocluster-based ratiometric fluorescence sensors for X-ray dose detection","volume":"271","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121309","article-title":"Affecting factors and mechanism of removing antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes by nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) and modified nZVI: A critical review","volume":"253","author":"Xue","year":"2024","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.148546","article-title":"Removal of organic compounds by nanoscale zero-valent iron and its composites","volume":"792","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.127993","article-title":"Recent advances of carbon-based nano zero valent iron for heavy metals remediation in soil and water: A critical review","volume":"426","author":"Liang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3988","DOI":"10.1080\/09593330.2022.2077137","article-title":"Enhancing anaerobic digestion of sulphate wastewater by adding nano-zero valent iron","volume":"44","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Technol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, J.D., Pang, B., Liu, S.Y., and Li, Z. (2023). The synthesis of tunable fluorescence iron nanoclusters and the detection of pH value and hydroxyl radical. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem., 439.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochem.2023.114601"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202401867","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.202401867","article-title":"Non-enzymatic detection of cardiac troponin-I with graphene oxide quenched fluorescent iron nanoclusters (Fe NCs)","volume":"21","author":"Shkhair","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chemistry"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2004862","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202004862","article-title":"MnO2 -based materials for environmental applications","volume":"33","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2020.10.073","article-title":"Surface activation towards manganese dioxide nanosheet arrays via plasma engineering as cathode and anode for efficient water splitting","volume":"586","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Colloid. Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.130022","article-title":"Visualization the fixation of cadmium on manganese dioxide in sulfur reduction environments","volume":"442","author":"Pan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10027","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.3c00949","article-title":"Evaluating alkaline phosphatase-instructed self-assembly of D-peptides for selectively inhibiting ovarian cancer cells","volume":"66","author":"Yi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4048","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-39833-3","article-title":"The structural pathology for hypophosphatasia caused by malfunctional tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase","volume":"14","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18010","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202007477","article-title":"Single-molecule analysis determines isozymes of human alkaline phosphatase in serum","volume":"59","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han, Y., Chen, J., Li, Z., Chen, H., and Qiu, H. (2020). Recent progress and prospects of alkaline phosphatase biosensor based on fluorescence strategy. Biosens. Bioelectron., 148.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2019.111811"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5317","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-024-05464-w","article-title":"Label-free fluorescence turn-on detection of alkaline phosphatase activity using the calcein-Ce3+ complex","volume":"416","author":"Feng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.341510","article-title":"Synergistic effect-triggered fluorescence quenching enables rapid and sensitive detection of alkaline phosphatase","volume":"1272","author":"Mao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2019.07.068","article-title":"A review on emerging principles and strategies for colorimetric and fluorescent detection of alkaline phosphatase activity","volume":"1086","author":"Niu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5762","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.8b05961","article-title":"Glutathione regulated inner filter effect of MnO2 nanosheets on boron nitride quantum dots for sensitive assay","volume":"91","author":"Peng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21137","DOI":"10.1039\/D1RA02411F","article-title":"An ultrasensitive colorimetric and fluorescence dual-readout assay for glutathione with a carbon dot-MnO2 nanosheet platform based on the inner filter effect","volume":"11","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, S., You, X., Fang, Q., Li, X., Li, G., Chen, J., and Chen, W. (2019). A fluorescence inner-filter effect based sensing platform for turn-on detection of glutathione in human serum. Sensors, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/s19020228"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1039\/C3CC47755J","article-title":"An MnO2 nanosheet as a label-free nanoplatform for homogeneous biosensing","volume":"50","author":"Yuan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4781","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S207666","article-title":"Manganese dioxide nanosheets: From preparation to biomedical applications","volume":"14","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2017.10.026","article-title":"Inner filter effect-based fluorescent sensing systems: A review","volume":"999","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-022-05481-5","article-title":"Sensing performance and mechanism of carbon dots encapsulated into metal-organic frameworks","volume":"189","author":"Yan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mikrochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5b05726","article-title":"\u201cSwitch-On\u201d fluorescent sensing of ascorbic acid in food samples based on carbon quantum dots-MnO2 probe","volume":"64","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/25\/2\/585\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T10:32:16Z","timestamp":1759919536000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/25\/2\/585"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["s25020585"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s25020585","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]}}}