{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T09:16:52Z","timestamp":1783415812260,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42174218"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42174218"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["FD60022K301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FD60022K301"]}]},{"name":"China Petroleum Logging Co., Ltd.","award":["42174218"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42174218"]}]},{"name":"China Petroleum Logging Co., Ltd.","award":["FD60022K301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FD60022K301"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The logging-while-drilling (LWD) acoustic logging instrument is pivotal in unconventional oil and gas exploration, and in providing real-time assessments of subsurface formations. The acquisition system, a core component of the LWD acoustic logging suite, is tasked with capturing, transmitting, and processing acoustic signals from the formation, which directly affects the accuracy and timeliness of the logging data. Recognizing the constraints of current LWD acquisition systems, including limited data collection capabilities and inadequate precision, this study introduces an FPGA-based multi-node data acquisition system for LWD acoustic logging. This system increases sampling density and data accuracy, leading to a more comprehensive collection of formation information. The multi-node acquisition system is composed primarily of a main control circuit board and several acquisition circuit boards, all connected via an RS485 bus. The Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is utilized to develop the acquisition circuit board\u2019s firmware, offering adjustable control over parameters, such as the AD7380\u2019s operational mode, sampling rate, and depth, facilitating real-time and concurrent acquisition and storage of formation acoustic signals. The main control board communicates with the acquisition boards via the RS485 bus, issuing commands to enable autonomous data collection and transfer from each board, thus enhancing the system\u2019s reliability and scalability. Experimental results confirm the system\u2019s capacity to efficiently capture waveform signals and upload them in real-time, underscoring its dependability and timeliness. The findings suggest that the system is capable of high-speed, real-time acquisition and processing of acoustic signals, offering robust technical support for the continued application of LWD acoustic logging instruments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s25030808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T07:45:12Z","timestamp":1738136712000},"page":"808","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Design of a Multi-Node Data Acquisition System for Logging-While-Drilling Acoustic Logging Instruments Based on FPGA"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Zhenyu","family":"Qin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Earth Prospecting and Information Technology, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junqiang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Earth Prospecting and Information Technology, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baiyong","family":"Men","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Earth Prospecting and Information Technology, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shijie","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Earth Prospecting and Information Technology, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiakang","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Earth Prospecting and Information Technology, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, D., Zhang, W., Zhang, X., Zhao, G., Zuo, R., Ni, J., Yang, G., Jia, J., Yang, K., and Wang, Y. 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