{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:51:35Z","timestamp":1760057495284,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic","award":["5TL1TR002380-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5TL1TR002380-05"]}]},{"name":"PhRMA Foundation and a National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","award":["5TL1TR002380-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5TL1TR002380-05"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To examine the association between post-stroke depression (PSD) and macrostructural and microstructural brain measures, and to explore whether changes in accelerometer-measured physical activity (PA) are associated with PSD, we conducted an exploratory study in UK Biobank with dementia-free participants diagnosed with at least one prior stroke. Eligible participants (n = 1186) completed an MRI scan. Depression was classified based on positive depression screening scores (PHQ-2 \u2265 3). Multivariate linear regression models assessed the relationships between depression and structural and diffusion measures generated from brain MRI scans. Logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between accelerometer-measured daily PA and future depression (n = 367). Depression was positively associated with total white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) volume (standardized \u03b2 [95% CI]\u20140.1339 [0.012, 0.256]; FDR-adjusted p-value\u20140.039), periventricular WMHs volume (standardized \u03b2 [95% CI]\u20140.1351 [0.020, 0.250]; FDR-adjusted p-value\u20140.027), and reduced MD for commissural fibers (standardized \u03b2 [95% CI]\u2014\u22120.139 [\u22120.255, \u22120.024]; adjusted p-value\u20140.045). The odds of depression decreased by 0.3% for each daily minute spent in objectively measured light PA, while each minute spent in sleep from midnight to 6:00 AM was associated with a 0.9% decrease in the odds of depression. This early-stage analysis using a population cohort offers a scientific rationale for researchers using multimodal data sources to investigate the heterogenous nature of PSD and, potentially, identify stroke patients at risk of poor outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s25030963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T08:57:46Z","timestamp":1738832266000},"page":"963","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Behavioral Monitoring in Transient Ischemic Attack and Stroke Patients: Exploratory Micro- and Macrostructural Imaging Insights for Identifying Post-Stroke Depression with Accelerometers in UK Biobank"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2022-4189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie J.","family":"Zawada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Scottsdale, AZ 85054, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6968-092X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Ganjizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7262-817X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bart M.","family":"Demaerschalk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Department of Neurology, Division of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7926-6095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bradley J.","family":"Erickson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A67","DOI":"10.1161\/str.55.suppl_1.67","article-title":"Abstract 67: Risk and Time-Course of Post-Stroke Dementia: A Population-Wide Cohort Study, 2002\u20132022","volume":"55","author":"Joundi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.20230043","article-title":"Depression as a Risk Factor for Dementia: A Meta Analysis","volume":"36","author":"Fernandez","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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