{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T18:21:33Z","timestamp":1770574893412,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"joint ORUK-RCSEd 2023 research fellowship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Tibiofemoral contact mechanics (TFCM) is an accepted biomechanical metrics for evaluating the meniscus in its intact, torn, and repaired states. Pressure sensors are increasingly used, with accuracy and repeatability influenced by test conditions, their design, and their properties. To identify factors optimising performance, we performed a systematic review of the literature on their use for measuring TFCM in posterior meniscal root tears. Methods: The Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials, PubMed, and Embase were used to perform a systematic review using the PRISMA criteria. As laboratory and surgical setup can influence sensor performance, we collected data on specimen preparation, repair techniques, hardware use, and biomechanical testing parameters. Results: 24 biomechanical studies were included. Specimen preparations were similar across studies with respect to femoral and tibial mounting. Single axial compressive forces were applied between 100 and 1800 N at varying flexion angles (0\u201390\u00b0). Tekscan (Boston, MA, USA) was the commonest sensor used to measure TFCM, followed by digital capacitive sensors and Fujifilm (Tokyo, Japan). Factors influencing their performance included fluid exposure, lack of adequate fixation, non-specific calibration protocols, load saturation exceeding calibration, damaged sensels and inappropriate pre-test conditioning. Conclusions: Understanding potential factors influencing pressure sensors may improve accuracy, area, and pressure distribution measurements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s25051507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T10:12:33Z","timestamp":1740737553000},"page":"1507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Pressure Sensors for Measuring Tibiofemoral Contact Mechanics in Meniscal Root Repair: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Khalis","family":"Boksh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"},{"name":"Leicester Academic Knee Unit, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beibit","family":"Bashabayev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Morriston Hospital, Swansea SA6 6NL, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2810-7075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duncan E. T.","family":"Shepherd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7608-5619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Espino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arijit","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leicester Academic Knee Unit, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8465-8923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Randeep","family":"Aujla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leicester Academic Knee Unit, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tarek","family":"Boutefnouchet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leicester Academic Knee Unit, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK"},{"name":"Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, University Hospitals of Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1922","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.00748","article-title":"Biomechanical consequences of a tear of the posterior root of the medial meniscus: Similar to total meniscectomy","volume":"90","author":"Allaire","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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