{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T17:40:15Z","timestamp":1792863615970,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program via an Open Call issued and executed under Project EUROBENCH","award":["779963"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["779963"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An open question for the biomechanical research community is accurate estimation of the volume and mass of each body segment of the human body, especially when indirect measurements are based on biomechanical modeling. Traditional methods involve the adoption of anthropometric tables, which describe only the average human shape, or manual measurements, which are time-consuming and depend on the operator. We propose a novel method based on the acquisition of a 3D scan of a subject\u2019s body, which is obtained using a consumer-end RGB-D camera. The body segments\u2019 separation is obtained by combining the body skeleton estimation of BlazePose with a biomechanical-coherent skeletal model, which is defined according to the literature. The volume of each body segment is computed using a 3D Monte Carlo procedure. Results were compared with manual measurement by experts, anthropometric tables, and a model leveraging truncated cone approximations, showing good adherence to reference data with minimal differences (ranging from +0.5 to \u22121.0 dm3 for the upper limbs, \u22120.1 to \u22124.2 dm3 for the thighs, and \u22120.4 to \u22122.3 dm3 for the shanks). In addition, we propose a novel indicator based on the computation of equivalent diameters for each body segment, highlighting the importance of gender-specific biomechanical models to account for the chest and pelvis areas of female subjects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s25051515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T04:10:42Z","timestamp":1740975042000},"page":"1515","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Measurement of Human Body Segment Properties Using Low-Cost RGB-D Cameras"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5530-6136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Nuzzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (DIMI), University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5607-7574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Ghidelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health (DSMC), University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0960-0996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Luchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering (DII), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8813-215X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Zanetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering (DII), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4803-2082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Crenna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Energetics, Management and Transportation (DIME), University of Genova, Via alla Opera Pia 15, 16145 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2301-876X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Lancini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health (DSMC), University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2005.02.010","article-title":"Using computed muscle control to generate forward dynamic simulations of human walking from experimental data","volume":"39","author":"Thelen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. 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