{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T15:56:40Z","timestamp":1784822200626,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]],"date-time":"2025-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741392000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62271067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62271067"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Work Safety Intelligent Monitoring (Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications)","award":["62271067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62271067"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Running-out detection of the liquids in an infusion bag is important for medical treatment. This paper proposed a simple low-cost sensing scheme with an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) antenna for liquid-running-out detection in infusion bags. The proposed antenna consists of a dipole antenna supported by an AMC layer. It operates in the 2.4 GHz ISM band in the without-liquid state, in the 2.0 GHz ISM band in the with-liquid state, and can be used for liquid sensing. The AMC layer isolates interference from the surrounding environment such as the standing pole. It also enhances antenna performance and improves monitoring sensitivity. This gives a peak gain of 6.45 dBi and a radiation efficiency of 98% in the without-liquid state. Meanwhile, the with-liquid state can achieve a peak gain of 4.5 dBi and a radiation efficiency of 93%. The proposed antenna is fabricated and measured, verifying its sensing performance of the liquid in the infusion bag. This antenna\u2019s design is flexible, compact, precise, and suitable for biomedical wireless sensing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s25061675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T05:46:52Z","timestamp":1741585612000},"page":"1675","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Simple AMC Antenna for Liquid Monitoring in an Infusion Bag"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Boyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"China Unicom Digital Technology Company Limited, Beijing 100032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhijiao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2021.3111186","article-title":"A High Data Rate Implantable MIMO Antenna for Deep Implanted Biomedical Devices","volume":"70","author":"Alazemi","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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