{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:00:36Z","timestamp":1760058036342,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Italian Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RC 2012\/2013","RC 2024\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RC 2012\/2013","RC 2024\/2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Associazione Italiana per la Sindrome da Ipoventilazione Centrale Congenita Sindrome di Ondine (AISICC)","award":["RC 2012\/2013","RC 2024\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RC 2012\/2013","RC 2024\/2025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome (CCHS) is a rare disorder that impairs autonomic breathing control, leading to alveolar hypoventilation and sometimes to central apnoea, predominantly during sleep. Patients typically require nocturnal ventilatory support and alarms to prevent life-threatening desaturation events. However, current alarm systems integrated into pulse oximeters do not provide adequate assistance at home. To address these limitations, we developed an assistive device with customizable multisensory stimulation that activates based on the severity and duration of desaturation episodes. In a multicenter clinical trial involving 4 children and 11 young adults with CCHS, we assessed the device\u2019s effectiveness and the role of arousals over three nights: one baseline and two test nights. The results showed that the device significantly improved awakening rates and enabled faster recovery from desaturations in young adults. However, no such improvements were observed in children compared to the baseline. Arousal events and sleep efficiency were unaffected by the device in both groups. These findings suggest that the device can enhance the safety and autonomy of young adults with CCHS but may be more effective in alerting caregivers in pediatric cases than directly waking children. Further studies are needed to refine its application across different age groups, given the limited sample size.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s25061759","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T10:45:06Z","timestamp":1741776306000},"page":"1759","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Early Findings on the Effectiveness of Novel Awakening Stimuli for Patients with Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Silvia","family":"Rapella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, 23842 Bosisio Parini, LC, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3379-695X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caterina","family":"Piazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, 23842 Bosisio Parini, LC, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Morandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian Association for Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome (AISICC), 50126 Florence, FI, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Carcano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian Association for Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome (AISICC), 50126 Florence, FI, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cinzia","family":"Arzilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meyer Children\u2019s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, FI, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0827-5319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niccol\u00f2","family":"Nassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meyer Children\u2019s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, FI, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Catalano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Palliative Care, Pain Service, Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, PD, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4423-8200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Formica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, 23842 Bosisio Parini, LC, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2568-9735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilia","family":"Biffi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, 23842 Bosisio Parini, LC, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-020-01460-2","article-title":"Guidelines for diagnosis and management of congenital central hypoventilation syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Trang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Orphanet J. 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