{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:11:50Z","timestamp":1788999110210,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU)","award":["US20\/14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["US20\/14"]}]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n GaituzSport Fundazioa","award":["US20\/14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["US20\/14"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose was to design and validate a battery of physical tests, called EFEPD-1.0, adapted to assess functionality in people with disabilities. In addition, we sought to analyze the validity and reliability of this battery both for the total group and differentiated by sex. A total of 43 adults with disabilities (32 women and 11 men) participated (57.11 \u00b1 10.12 years). The battery was composed of five blocks of functionality: neuromuscular, combined actions, acceleration, balance, and cardiovascular. The neuromuscular functionality was measured by the vertical and horizontal jump test using the optical system (Opto Jump Next\u00ae, Microgate, Bolzano, Italy) as well as the Hand Grip (HG) test using a (5030J1, Jamar\u00ae, Sammons Preston, Inc, Nottinghamshire, UK) hand dynamometer. The combined actions and balance functionality were assessed with the Time Up and Go (TUG) test, the 30 s Chair Stand (30CTS) test, and the One-Leg Stance (OLS) test measured by a manual stopwatch (HS-80TW-1EF, Casio\u00ae, Tokyo, Japan). The acceleration functionality was evaluated through 20 m sprints and the 505 change of direction (COD505) test, using the (Microgate, Witty\u00ae, Bolzano, Italy) photocell system. The cardiovascular functionality was evaluated with the Six-Minute Walking Test (6MWT), where heart rate was monitored using the (Polar Team Sport System\u00ae, Polar Electro Oy, Kempele, Finland), and additional walking mechanics were recorded with Stryd (Stryd Everest 12 Firmware 1.18 Software 3, Stryd Inc., Boulder, CO, USA). The results showed that the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranged from moderate to almost perfect (ICC = 0.65\u20130.98) between test repetitions. Some tests could significantly differentiate (p &lt; 0.05) men and women, highlighting better neuromuscular capacity in men and better balance in women. The correlations between tests showed significant convergent validity. The Evaluation of Functionality in the Disabled Population (EFEPD-1.0) battery not only consistently measures functional capacities in people with disabilities, but it can also discriminate between different subgroups within this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s25061813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T13:07:51Z","timestamp":1741957671000},"page":"1813","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Proposal for a Battery to Evaluate Functional Capacity in Older Adults with Disabilities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Josu","family":"Ascondo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Society, Sports and Physical Exercise Research Group (GIKAFIT), Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, UPV\/EHU, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7924-6270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I\u00f1aki","family":"Llodio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Society, Sports and Physical Exercise Research Group (GIKAFIT), Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, UPV\/EHU, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"},{"name":"Research Group in Physical Activity, Physical Exercise and Sport (AKTIBOki), Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, UPV\/EHU, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"},{"name":"Physical Activity, Exercise, and Health Group, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8617-4567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bingen","family":"Marcos-Rivero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Society, Sports and Physical Exercise Research Group (GIKAFIT), Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, UPV\/EHU, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"},{"name":"Research Group in Physical Activity, Physical Exercise and Sport (AKTIBOki), Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, UPV\/EHU, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8366-8932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Granados","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Society, Sports and Physical Exercise Research Group (GIKAFIT), Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, UPV\/EHU, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"},{"name":"Research Group in Physical Activity, Physical Exercise and Sport (AKTIBOki), Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, UPV\/EHU, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"},{"name":"Physical Activity, Exercise, and Health Group, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8086-4778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheila","family":"Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disability Research Department, GaituzSport Foundation, 48003 Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7004-5341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aitor","family":"Iturricastillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Society, Sports and Physical Exercise Research Group (GIKAFIT), Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, UPV\/EHU, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"},{"name":"Research Group in Physical Activity, Physical Exercise and Sport (AKTIBOki), Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, UPV\/EHU, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"},{"name":"Physical Activity, Exercise, and Health Group, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8965-5024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Yanci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Society, Sports and Physical Exercise Research Group (GIKAFIT), Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, UPV\/EHU, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"},{"name":"Research Group in Physical Activity, Physical Exercise and Sport (AKTIBOki), Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, UPV\/EHU, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2001). International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: ICF, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2024, November 05). Disability. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/disability-and-health."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"(2024, November 05). Eurostat Self-Perceived Long-Standing Limitations in Usual Activities Due to Health Problem by Sex, Age, and Educational Attainment Level. Available online: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/databrowser\/view\/hlth_silc_07\/default\/table."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2011). World Report on Disability 2011, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01164-8","article-title":"Participation of People Living with Disabilities in Physical Activity: A Global Perspective","volume":"398","author":"Foster","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2020-0629","article-title":"The First Global Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Guidelines for People Living With Disability","volume":"18","author":"Carty","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Phys. Act. Health"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e058053","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-058053","article-title":"Effects of Exercise on Fitness in Adults with Intellectual Disability: A Protocol of an Overview of Systematic Reviews","volume":"12","author":"Oviedo","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1352\/1944-7558-125.1.49","article-title":"Associated Risk Factors for Depression and Anxiety in Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Five-Year Follow Up","volume":"125","author":"Hsieh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Intellect. Dev. Disabil."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacinto, M., Oliveira, R., Brito, J.P., Martins, A.D., Matos, R., and Ferreira, J.P. (2021). Prescription and Effects of Strength Training in Individuals with Intellectual Disability\u2014A Systematic Review. Sports, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/sports9090125"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang, Z., Zhang, M., Wang, C., Yuan, Y., and Liang, J. (2022). Association between Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, and Cardiovascular Disease-Related Outcomes in Adults\u2014A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Front. Public Health, 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1018460"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.17060\/ijodaep.2017.n1.v4.1037","article-title":"La Pr\u00e1ctica Deportiva En Personas Con Discapacidad: Motivaci\u00f3n Personal, Inclusi\u00f3n y Salud","volume":"4","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. INFAD Psicol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ascondo, J., Mart\u00edn-L\u00f3pez, A., Iturricastillo, A., Granados, C., Garate, I., Romaratezabala, E., Mart\u00ednez-Aldama, I., Romero, S., and Yanci, J. (2023). Analysis of the Barriers and Motives for Practicing Physical Activity and Sport for People with a Disability: Differences According to Gender and Type of Disability. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20021320"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"1","article-title":"Estado de Peso, Condici\u00f3n F\u00edsica y Satisfacci\u00f3n Con La Vida En Escolares de Educaci\u00f3n Primaria. Estudio Piloto","volume":"13","year":"2016","journal-title":"MHSalud: Rev. Cienc. Mov. Hum. Salud"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12768","article-title":"The Effect of 8 Weeks of Freestyle Swim Training on the Functional Fitness of Adults with Down Syndrome","volume":"64","author":"Boer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Intellect. Disabil. Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2019.01.016","article-title":"Is Strength Training Feasible for Young People with Prader-Willi Syndrome? A Phase I Randomised Controlled Trial","volume":"106","author":"Shields","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14383","article-title":"Sex Differences in Change of Direction Deficit and Asymmetries in Footballers with Cerebral Palsy","volume":"33","author":"Sadarangani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Scand. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"63","article-title":"Efectos de un programa de ejercicio f\u00edsico multicomponente en la funcionalidad de personas con la enfermedad de Parkinson","volume":"20","author":"Yanci","year":"2023","journal-title":"MHSalud Rev. En Cienc. Del Mov. Hum. Y Salud"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2020.100886","article-title":"Feasibility and Reliability of a Physical Fitness Tests Battery for Adults with Intellectual Disabilities: The SAMU DIS-FIT Battery","volume":"13","year":"2020","journal-title":"Disabil. Health J."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2018.1527399","article-title":"Adding Meaning to Physical Fitness Test Results in Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"42","author":"Oppewal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Disabil. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"27","article-title":"Validity and Reliability of Submaximal Fitness Tests Based on Perceptual Variables","volume":"58","author":"Crotti","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Sports Med. Phys. Fit."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12756","article-title":"Feasibility and Reliability of the Assessing Levels of Physical Activity Health-related Fitness Test Battery in Adults with Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"64","author":"Trigo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Intellect. Disabil. Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, J., Yang, J., Haegele, J.A., Wang, L., Chen, S., and Li, C. (2023). Feasibility and Reliability of Health-Related Physical Fitness Tests in Children and Adolescents with Hearing Impairment. Children, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/children10020353"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2023.111152","article-title":"Fire-retardant braided electronic rope with a hierarchical core-shell structure for fire rescue operations","volume":"271","author":"Gong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Compos. Part B Eng."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.04.013","article-title":"Single-Leg Vertical Jumping in Young Adults with Spastic Cerebral Palsy","volume":"103","author":"Eek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Henr\u00edquez, M., De Campos, L.F.C., Mu\u00f1oz-Hinrichsen, F., Cornejo, M.I., Yanci, J., and Reina, R. (2022). Neuromuscular Fatigue in Cerebral Palsy Football Players after a Competitive Match According to Sport Classification and Playing Position. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19106070"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Rav\u00e9, J.M., Turner, A.P., and Phillips, S.M. (2020). Adaptations to Swimming Training in Athletes with Down\u2019s Syndrome. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17249175"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2017-0321","article-title":"Vertical and Horizontal Jump Capacity in International Cerebral Palsy Football Players","volume":"13","author":"Reina","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarabia, J.M., Roldan, A., Henr\u00edquez, M., and Reina, R. (2021). Using Decision Trees to Support Classifiers\u2019 Decision-Making about Activity Limitation of Cerebral Palsy Footballers. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18084320"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.5604\/20831862.1127285","article-title":"Sprint, Agility, Strength and Endurance Capacity in Wheelchair Basketball Players","volume":"32","author":"Yanci","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol. Sport"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leon-Llamas, J.L., Villafaina, S., Murillo-Garcia, A., Collado-Mateo, D., Dom\u00ednguez-Mu\u00f1oz, F.J., S\u00e1nchez-G\u00f3mez, J., and Gusi, N. (2019). Strength Assessment Under Dual Task Conditions in Women with Fibromyalgia: A Test\u2013Retest Reliability Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16244971"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/4581126","article-title":"Muscle Strength, Physical Fitness, Balance, and Walking Ability at Risk of Fall for Prefrail Older People","volume":"2022","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.47197\/retos.v44i0.91783","article-title":"Rendimiento F\u00edsico de Atletas Varones de \u00c9lite de Baloncesto En Silla de Ruedas de La Regi\u00f3n Del Biob\u00edo-Chile En Inicio Del Per\u00edodo Preparatorio: Estudio Transversal (Physical Performance of Wheelchair Basketball Athletes with Paralympic Projection of Th","volume":"44","author":"Henriquez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Retos"},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"20","article-title":"Neuromuscular Responses and Physiological Changes During Small-Sided Games in Wheelchair Basketball","volume":"35","author":"Iturricastillo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adapt. Phys. Act. Q."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13583","article-title":"Activity Limitation and Match Load in Para-footballers with Cerebral Palsy: An Approach for Evidence-based Classification","volume":"30","author":"Reina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scand. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.12579","article-title":"Dynamic and Static Stability in Para-athletes with Cerebral Palsy Considering Their Impairment Profile","volume":"14","author":"Reina","year":"2022","journal-title":"PM&R"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3109\/13668250.2012.748885","article-title":"The Six-Minute Walk Test for Adults with Intellectual Disability: A Study of Validity and Reliability","volume":"38","author":"Nasuti","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Intellect. Dev. Disabil."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2016.07.004","article-title":"Reliability and Convergent Validity of the 6-Min Run Test in Young Adults with Down Syndrome","volume":"10","year":"2017","journal-title":"Disabil. Health J."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"56","article-title":"Heart Rate Responses during the Modified Six-Minute Walk Test among Special Olympics Athletes","volume":"56","author":"Ryan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Turk. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.041","article-title":"Reliability and Validity of the Stryd Power Meter during Different Walking Conditions","volume":"92","author":"Carrier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"109","article-title":"A New Approach to Monitoring Exercise Training","volume":"15","author":"Foster","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Iturricastillo Urteaga, A., Javier, Y., and Granados, C. (2015). Rendimiento F\u00edsico, Respuestas Fisiol\u00f3gicas Y Percepci\u00f3n Subjetiva del Esfuerzo en El Multi-Stage Fitness Test en Jugadores de Baloncesto en Silla de Ruedas. Rev. Int. Deportes Colect., in press."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen, J. (2013). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203771587"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2256","article-title":"Probabilistic Index: An Intuitive Non-Parametric Approach to Measuring the Size of Treatment Effects","volume":"25","author":"Acion","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"9","article-title":"El Tama\u00f1o Del Efecto En La Publicaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica","volume":"26","author":"Ardura","year":"2023","journal-title":"EducXX1"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31818cb278","article-title":"Progressive Statistics for Studies in Sports Medicine and Exercise Science","volume":"41","author":"Hopkins","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012","article-title":"A Guideline of Selecting and Reporting Intraclass Correlation Coefficients for Reliability Research","volume":"15","author":"Koo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Chiropr. Med."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3577","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-023-05027-8","article-title":"Reliability and Agreement of the Timed up and Go Test in Children and Teenagers with Autism Spectrum Disorder","volume":"182","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Covain, S., Baillieul, S., Nguyen, T.D., Guinot, M., Doutreleau, S., and Bricout, V.-A. (2023). Gender Differences, Motor Skills and Physical Fitness Heterogeneity in Adults with Down\u2019s Syndrome. J. Clin. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12041367"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1097\/MRR.0000000000000365","article-title":"Gender-Related Differences in Psychometric Properties of WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0","volume":"42","author":"Katajapuu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Rehabil. Res."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"141","article-title":"Gender Differences in Theory-Based Predictors of Physical Activity in University Students with Disabilities","volume":"52","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Latinoam. Psicol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1017\/S0144686X15000227","article-title":"Female Disability Disadvantage: A Global Perspective on Sex Differences in Physical Function and Disability","volume":"36","author":"Wheaton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ageing Soc."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"75","article-title":"Comparaci\u00f3n de Medidas Antropom\u00e9tricas de Riesgo Cardiovascular, Fuerza Isom\u00e9trica Y Funcionalidad Entre Adolescentes Chilenos de Ambos Sexos Con Discapacidad Intelectual","volume":"13","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Sport Health Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glr070","article-title":"Does the Amount of Fat Mass Predict Age-Related Loss of Lean Mass, Muscle Strength, and Muscle Quality in Older Adults?","volume":"66A","author":"Koster","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Ser. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2011.05.006","article-title":"Test\u2013Retest Reliability, Smallest Real Difference and Concurrent Validity of Six Different Balance Tests on Young People with Mild to Moderate Intellectual Disability","volume":"98","author":"Blomqvist","year":"2012","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-019-01421-1","article-title":"Associations between Novel Jump Test Measures, Grip Strength, and Physical Performance: The Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study","volume":"32","author":"Winger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-019-01138-1","article-title":"The Biomechanics of the Track and Field Sprint Start: A Narrative Review","volume":"49","author":"Bezodis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-200011000-00008","article-title":"Physical Performance Tests After Stroke: Reliability and Validity","volume":"79","author":"Maeda","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s11689-010-9054-3","article-title":"Development and Validation of the Arizona Cognitive Test Battery for Down Syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Edgin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurodev. Disord."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.52403\/ijhsr.20220630","article-title":"Comparison of Functional Capacity among Obese and Non-Obese Young Adults","volume":"12","author":"Gavhale","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Health Sci. Res."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjcn\/zvad027","article-title":"Kinematic Parameters Related to Functional Capacity, Fatigue, and Breathlessness during the 6-Min Walk Test in Older Adults with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction","volume":"23","author":"Ricci","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cardiovasc. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3429","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S144566","article-title":"Hand Grip Endurance Test Relates to Clinical State and Prognosis in COPD Patients Better than 6-Minute Walk Test Distance","volume":"12","author":"Kovarik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Chronic Obstr. Pulm. Dis."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-35552009005000030","article-title":"Correla\u00e7\u00e3o entre os testes da caminhada, marcha estacion\u00e1ria e TUG em hipertensas idosas","volume":"13","author":"Pedrosa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Fisioter."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.21876\/rcshci.v12i1.1209","article-title":"The Reduction in Grip Strength Is Associated with a Decrease in the Distance Covered in the 6MWT in Elderly People Residing in a Long-Stay Institution","volume":"12","author":"Reis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. Cienc. Saude"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2822","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.18383","article-title":"Machine learning functional impairment classification with electronic health record data","volume":"71","author":"Pavon","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/25\/6\/1813\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:53:58Z","timestamp":1760028838000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/25\/6\/1813"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["s25061813"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s25061813","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]}}}