{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T22:02:16Z","timestamp":1791583336881,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742601600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program","award":["951933"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["951933"]}]},{"name":"Lifescan Global Corporation","award":["951933"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["951933"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Sensors for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) are now commonly used by people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. However, the response of these devices to potentially interfering nutritional, pharmaceutical, or endogenous substances is barely explored. We previously developed an in vitro test method for continuous and dynamic CGM interference testing and herein explore the sensitivity of the Abbott Libre2 (L2) and Dexcom G6 (G6) sensors to a panel of 68 individual substances. Methods: In each interference experiment, L2 and G6 sensors were exposed in triplicate to substance gradients from zero to supraphysiological concentrations at a stable glucose concentration of 200 mg\/dL. YSI Stat 2300 Plus was used as the glucose reference method. Interference was presumed if the CGM sensors showed a mean bias of at least \u00b110% from baseline with a tested substance at any given substance concentration. Results: Both L2 and G6 sensors showed interference with the following substances: dithiothreitol (maximal bias from baseline: L2\/G6: +46%\/\u221218%), galactose (&gt;+100%\/+17%), mannose (&gt;+100%\/+20%), and N-acetyl-cysteine (+11%\/+18%). The following substances were found to interfere with L2 sensors only: ascorbic acid (+48%), ibuprofen (+14%), icodextrin (+10%), methyldopa (+16%), red wine (+12%), and xylose (&gt;+100%). On the other hand, the following substances were found to interfere with G6 sensors only: acetaminophen (&gt;+100%), ethyl alcohol (+12%), gentisic acid (+18%), hydroxyurea (&gt;+100%), l-cysteine (\u221225%), l-Dopa (+11%), and uric acid (+33%). Additionally, G6 sensors could subsequently not be calibrated for use after exposure to dithiothreitol, gentisic acid, l-cysteine, and mesalazine (sensor fouling). Conclusions: Our standardized dynamic interference testing protocol identified several nutritional, pharmaceutical and endogenous substances that substantially influenced L2 and G6 sensor signals. Clinical trials are now necessary to investigate whether our findings are of relevance during routine care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s25071985","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]],"date-time":"2025-03-24T06:21:38Z","timestamp":1742797298000},"page":"1985","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Dynamic Interference Testing\u2014Unexpected Results Obtained with the Abbott Libre 2 and Dexcom G6 Continuous Glucose Monitoring Devices"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Hendrick","family":"Jensch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pf\u00fctzner Science & Health Institute, Haifa-Allee 20, 55128 Mainz, Germany"},{"name":"Lifecare Laboratories, 55128 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1983-0461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven","family":"Setford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LifeScan Scotland Ltd., Inverness IV2 2ED, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Thom\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pf\u00fctzner Science & Health Institute, Haifa-Allee 20, 55128 Mainz, Germany"},{"name":"Lifecare Laboratories, 55128 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geethan","family":"Srikanthamoorthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pf\u00fctzner Science & Health Institute, Haifa-Allee 20, 55128 Mainz, Germany"},{"name":"Lifecare Laboratories, 55128 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lea","family":"Weing\u00e4rtner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pf\u00fctzner Science & Health Institute, Haifa-Allee 20, 55128 Mainz, Germany"},{"name":"Lifecare Laboratories, 55128 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8006-1844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mike","family":"Grady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LifeScan Scotland Ltd., Inverness IV2 2ED, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4329-3379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Holt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LifeScan Global Corp., Malvern, PA 19355, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2385-0887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Pf\u00fctzner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pf\u00fctzner Science & Health Institute, Haifa-Allee 20, 55128 Mainz, Germany"},{"name":"Lifecare Laboratories, 55128 Mainz, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Technical University Bingen, 55411 Bingen am Rhein, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Internal Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University for Digital Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, L-9516 Wiltz, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14758","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14758","article-title":"Choosing the duration of continuous glucose monitoring for reliable assessment of time in range: A new analytical approach to overcome the limitations of correlation-based methods","volume":"39","author":"Camerlingo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabet Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-019-05027-0","article-title":"Positioning time in range in diabetes 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