{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T20:11:51Z","timestamp":1792440711540,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]],"date-time":"2025-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007847","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20220101125JC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20220101125JC"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007847","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12273079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12273079"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["20220101125JC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20220101125JC"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["12273079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12273079"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In an effort to accomplish the real-time acquisition of the laser ranging results of space debris during the daylight and enhance the observation success rate, this paper establishes a joint distribution model of noise and echo signals grounded on the intensity distribution law of the daylight background noise. Through an in-depth analysis of the measurement characteristics of single-photon detectors, a real-time recognition algorithm based on the disparity in statistical distribution is put forward. This algorithm partitions the observation data into intervals of equal length. It then employs the goodness-of-fit test of the geometric distribution to ascertain the data distribution law. Subsequently, it locates the interval in which the echo signal resides by analyzing the contribution degree of the chi-square statistic. The experimental outcomes indicate that under the circumstances of a laser frequency of 400 Hz and a background noise photon rate of 2 \u00d7 107 photons per second, the algorithm is capable of achieving real-time recognition of the echo interval for an intensity of 0.09 echo photons per single pulse within 1 s. This breakthrough resolves the critical challenge of daylight echo discrimination in high-noise environments. This method overcomes the constraints of the traditional signal intensity threshold and offers a novel technical approach for the tracking and precise orbit determination of space debris in a low signal-to-noise ratio environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s25072281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T03:36:45Z","timestamp":1743737805000},"page":"2281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Real-Time Identification Algorithm of Daylight Space Debris Laser Ranging Data Based on Observation Data Distribution Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Observatory, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130117, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Observatory, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130117, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Observatory, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130117, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bowen","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Observatory, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130117, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanning","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Observatory, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130117, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhipeng","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Observatory, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130117, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingwei","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Observatory, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130117, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6339-732X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"He","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Technology, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krisko, P.H. 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