{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:31:54Z","timestamp":1791232314054,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]],"date-time":"2025-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Wearable devices are increasingly used for health monitoring, yet the impact of consistent wear on physiological and behavioral outcomes is unclear. Leveraging nearly a million days and nights of longitudinal data from 11,914 subscribers, we examined the associations between the frequency of wearing a wrist-worn wearable device (WHOOP Inc., Boston, MA, USA) and 12-week changes in biometric, sleep, and activity profiles, modeling both between- and within-person effects. Higher average wear frequency and week-to-week increases in wear were associated with a lower resting heart rate (RHR), higher heart rate variability (HRV), longer and more consistent sleep, and greater weekly and daily physical activity duration (Ps &lt; 0.01). A within-person multiple mediation analysis indicated that increased sleep duration partially mediated the association between wear frequency and a standardized (z-scored) RHR (indirect effect = \u22120.0387 [95% CI: \u22120.0464, \u22120.0326]), whereas physical activity minutes did not (indirect effect = 0.0003 [95% CI: \u22120.0036, 0.0040]). A Granger causality analysis revealed a modest but notable association between prior wear frequency and future RHR in participants averaging \u22645 days of weekly wear (p &lt; 0.05 in 10.92% of tests). While further research is needed, our findings provide real-world evidence that sustained wearable engagement may support healthier habits and improved physiological outcomes over time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s25082437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T04:42:07Z","timestamp":1744605727000},"page":"2437","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Wearing WHOOP More Frequently Is Associated with Better Biometrics and Healthier Sleep and Activity Patterns"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Gregory J.","family":"Grosicki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Performance Science, WHOOP Inc., Boston, MA 02215, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Finnbarr","family":"Fielding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Performance Science, WHOOP Inc., Boston, MA 02215, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7274-2332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeongeun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Performance Science, WHOOP Inc., Boston, MA 02215, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Chapman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Performance Science, WHOOP Inc., Boston, MA 02215, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Olaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Algorithms and Development, WHOOP Inc., Boston, MA 02215, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William von","family":"Hippel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Performance Science, WHOOP Inc., Boston, MA 02215, USA"},{"name":"Research with Impact, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen E.","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Performance Science, WHOOP Inc., Boston, MA 02215, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2316634","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.16634","article-title":"Use of Wearable Devices in Individuals With or at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease in the US, 2019 to 2020","volume":"6","author":"Dhingra","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. 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