{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:19:06Z","timestamp":1792171146194,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]],"date-time":"2025-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007061","name":"National Secretariat of Science, Technology and Innovation of the Republic of Panama (Secretar\u00eda Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n, SENACYT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["200-2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200-2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor symptoms, with tremors being one of the most prominent. Traditional assessment methods, such as the Unified Parkinson\u2019s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), rely on subjective, intermittent evaluations, which can miss symptom fluctuations. This study presents the development and validation of the ELENA system, an IoT-based wearable device designed for the continuous monitoring of tremors in PD patients and medication tracking in PD patients. Named in honor of a 67-year-old woman who has lived with Parkinson\u2019s since 2011 and inspired the project, the ELENA system integrates an MPU6050 accelerometer, an ESP32 microcontroller, and cloud-based data analysis and MATLAB. The ELENA system was calibrated and validated against an Apple Watch, demonstrating high accuracy with frequency deviations under 0.5% and an average percentage error of \u22120.37%. Unlike commercial devices, ELENA offers a clinical-grade solution with customizable data access and visualization tailored for healthcare providers. Participants, including PD patients and a non-PD control group, completed a series of clinical tasks to evaluate tremor monitoring capabilities. The results showed that the system effectively captured tremor frequency and amplitude, enabling the analysis of resting, action, and postural tremors. This study highlights the ELENA system\u2019s potential to enhance PD management by providing real-time, remote monitoring of tremors. The scalable, cost-effective solution supports healthcare professionals in tracking disease progression and optimizing treatment plans, paving the way for improved patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s25092763","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T06:23:32Z","timestamp":1745821412000},"page":"2763","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A Wearable Internet of Things-Based Device for the Quantitative Assessment of Hand Tremors in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: The ELENA Project"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0823-2490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yessica","family":"Saez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de Panam\u00e1, Panama City 0819-07289, Panama"},{"name":"Centro de Estudios Multidisciplinarios en Ciencias, Ingenier\u00eda y Tecnolog\u00eda AIP (CEMCIT AIP), Panama City 0819-07289, Panama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristian","family":"Ure\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de Panam\u00e1, Panama City 0819-07289, Panama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Valenzuela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministerio de Salud, Hospital Regional Anita Moreno, La Villa de Los Santos 0819-11380, Panama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5795-2104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antony","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de Panam\u00e1, Panama City 0819-07289, Panama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0614-6428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edwin","family":"Collado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de Panam\u00e1, Panama City 0819-07289, Panama"},{"name":"Centro de Estudios Multidisciplinarios en Ciencias, Ingenier\u00eda y Tecnolog\u00eda AIP (CEMCIT AIP), Panama City 0819-07289, Panama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.131045","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease: Clinical features and diagnosis","volume":"79","author":"Jankovic","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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