{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T13:04:59Z","timestamp":1779195899002,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"New Generation of Information Technology Innovation Project of China University Innovation Fund of Ministry of Education","award":["2023IT209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023IT209"]}]},{"name":"New Generation of Information Technology Innovation Project of China University Innovation Fund of Ministry of Education","award":["2024HT024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024HT024"]}]},{"name":"Intelligent Driving and Intelligent Cockpit Education Special of the Industrial\u2013University\u2013Research Innovation Fund for Higher Education Institutions of the Ministry of Education of China","award":["2023IT209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023IT209"]}]},{"name":"Intelligent Driving and Intelligent Cockpit Education Special of the Industrial\u2013University\u2013Research Innovation Fund for Higher Education Institutions of the Ministry of Education of China","award":["2024HT024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024HT024"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Driver factors are the main cause of road traffic accidents. For the research of automotive active safety, an identification method for road hypnosis of a driver of a car with dynamic human\u2013vehicle heterogeneous data fusion calculation is proposed. Road hypnosis is an unconscious driving state formed by the combination of external environmental factors and the psychological state of the car driver. When drivers fall into a state of road hypnosis, they cannot clearly perceive the surrounding environment and make various reactions in time to complete the driving task. The safety of humans and cars is greatly affected. Therefore, the study of the identification of drivers\u2019 road hypnosis is of great significance. Vehicle and virtual driving experiments are designed and carried out to collect human and vehicle data. Eye movement data and EEG data of human data are collected with eye movement sensors and EEG sensors. Vehicle speed and acceleration data are collected by a mobile phone with AutoNavi navigation, which serves as an onboard sensor. In order to screen the characteristics of human and vehicles related to the road hypnosis state, the characteristic parameters of the road hypnosis in the preprocessed data are selected by the method of independent sample T-test, the hidden Markov model (HMM) is constructed, and the identification of the road hypnosis of the Ridge Regression model is combined. In order to evaluate the identification performance of the model, six evaluation indicators are used and compared with multiple regression models. The results show that the hidden Markov-Ridge Regression model is the most superior in the identification accuracy and effect of the road hypnosis state. A new technical scheme reference for the development of intelligent driving assistance systems is provided by the proposed comprehensive road hypnosis state identification model based on human\u2013vehicle data can provide, which can effectively improve the life recognition ability of automobile intelligent cockpits, enhance the active safety performance of automobiles, and further improve traffic safety.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s25092846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T09:16:12Z","timestamp":1746090972000},"page":"2846","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Research on the Identification of Road Hypnosis Based on the Fusion Calculation of Dynamic Human\u2013Vehicle Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0389-4337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Han","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0065-1001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Longfei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3710-905X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2418-7394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43220, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenyang","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5391-8857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quanzheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2186-066X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junyan","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0629-489","article-title":"Sleeping with the eyes open","volume":"140","author":"Miles","year":"1929","journal-title":"Sci. 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